哈贝马斯法律合法性理论及其对当下中国法治社会之观照

发布时间：2018-04-20 21:21

本文选题：法律 + 法治　；参考：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 法律的合法性问题属于哈贝马斯合法性理论中的子问题。合法性追问是一种典型的价值追问。在哈贝马斯的合法性理论中,对法律的合法性讨论具有重要的意义。法律的合法性问题是对商谈理论进行必要性论证的前提,回答了我们为什么要服从法律这一根本性问题。简单来说,哈贝马斯理论体系的证成过程就是采用交往理性取代传统的实践理性,并通过普遍语用学将交往行为理论、商谈理论与法律理论联系起来。在这一过程中,哈贝马斯抽象出事实性与规范性这一对范畴作为其法律理论分析的基本概念,通过对这对范畴之间的紧张关系的揭示来解决法律的合法性问题。并引入商谈理论来调和这种紧张关系,从而解决法律的有效性问题。作为交往行为理论在法律领域的延伸,哈贝马斯希望通过法律商谈理论来为生活世界提供规范标准与程序参照。他期待通过公共领域里的对话协商来获得普遍性的法律共识。他的这一理论尝试促成了法律合法性问题的理性重构,并将商谈理论引入立法与司法过程中。通过建立立法与司法的协商民主模式,为人们“为什么要遵守法律?”、“遵守怎样的法律?”这些根本问题给出了理想而乐观的答案。然而,建立于商谈基础之上的法律合法性与现实之间依然存在着难以弥合的鸿沟,但这也恰恰成为了沿着这一思路继续探索的出发点。此外,法律合法性问题对中国法治社会建设中的几个重要问题提供了有益的借鉴。这些问题包括如何通过“法律合法性”塑造中国民众的法治观念；如何界定法、权关系的合法性问题；以及程序民主的合法性内涵问题。
[Abstract]:The legality of law belongs to the sub-problem in Habermas's theory of legitimacy. Legality questioning is a typical value question. In Habermas's theory of legality, it is of great significance to discuss the legality of law. The legality of the law is the premise of the necessity of the discussion theory, which answers the fundamental question of why we should obey the law. To put it simply, Habermas' proof process is to adopt communicative rationality instead of traditional practical rationality, and to connect communicative behavior theory, negotiation theory and legal theory through universal pragmatics. In this process, Habermas abstracts a pair of categories of fact and normality as the basic concept of his legal theoretical analysis, and solves the legality of law by revealing the tense relationship between the categories. And the theory of negotiation is introduced to reconcile the tension, so as to solve the problem of the effectiveness of the law. As an extension of communicative behavior theory in the field of law, Habermas hopes to provide normative standards and procedural references for the world of life through the theory of legal negotiation. He looked forward to universal legal consensus through dialogue and consultation in the public sphere. His theoretical attempt contributed to the rational reconstruction of legal legality and brought the theory of negotiation into the process of legislation and judicature. By establishing a model of deliberative democracy between legislation and the judiciary, "Why should we abide by the law?" and "what kind of laws should we abide by?" These fundamental questions provide an ideal and optimistic answer. However, the gap between legal legitimacy and reality, which is based on negotiation, is still difficult to bridge, but this has become the starting point of further exploration along this line of thought. In addition, the issue of legal legitimacy provides a useful reference for several important issues in the construction of China's legal society. These problems include how to shape the concept of Chinese people's rule of law through "legal legitimacy", how to define the legality of law and the legitimacy of power relations, and the connotation of legitimacy of procedural democracy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909

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