唐宋刑事证明模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 19:52

本文选题：唐宋证明模式 + 刑事审判　；参考：《中国青年政治学院》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 证明模式是审查判断证据的基本方式,包括证据能力的审查和证明力的判断两方面的内容。从人类发展史来看,证明模式包括神示证据、法定证据和自由心证三种类型。作为中国古代刑事证明模式的典型代表,唐宋刑事证明模式可以归结为“以口供为中心的自由心证证明模式”。其特征有四:一是口供至上;二是自由心证;三是其他证据结合使用,处于佐证地位;四是特殊情况下“据众证定罪”。本文首先对唐宋刑事证明模式进行制度考察,主要对《唐律疏议》和《宋刑统》中的有关证据规定的条文进行考证,五听和刑讯是唐宋获取口供和判断口供的两种主要方式,关于证人证言、物证、书证等其他证据种类的规定也比较详尽。唐宋法律虽然没有明文规定自由心证制度,但同英美法系一样,一直贯穿着自由心证的精神。此外,对于“八议”等特殊主体适用“据众证定罪”的法律制度。条文的规定是一回事,法律的实施又是一回事,本文第三部分深入到制度的实施,用实证分析的方法进一步研究唐宋刑事证明模式在诉讼实践中的体现。首先,列举四个案例展现唐宋司法官五听断案的过程,说明五听制度在具体实施中包括诸多丰富多样的方法;其次,以表格的形式列举十个案例说明刑讯在唐宋判案过程中应用的广泛性,并进一步指出法外刑讯的野蛮和残酷;再次,本文列举七个案例以展现各具特色的术审方法,值得注意的是,这些方法并非法律的规定,而是以判例的形式为后世借鉴,由此可见其影响之大;最后,结合上述案例对唐宋司法官审案的心证过程进行总结分析,指出唐宋断案调查阶段先入为主、审讯阶段心证转移、判决“据供词定罪”的心证过程。唐宋“以口供为中心的自由心证证明模式”是中国几千年来法律文化发展的必然结果。文章最后分析了这种证明模式形成的理论基础。从认识论、政治体制、证据调查学、证据法学方面,分析了口供至上的理论根源;从思想基础、认识论、法文化、政治基础方面,分析了自由心证的理论根源。
[Abstract]:The mode of proof is the basic way of examining and judging evidence, including the examination of evidence ability and the judgment of proof power. Judging from the history of human development, the mode of proof includes three types: divine evidence, statutory evidence and free heart evidence. As a typical representative of the ancient Chinese criminal proof model, the criminal proof model of Tang and Song dynasties can be summed up as "free heart evidence proof mode centered on confession". Its characteristics are as follows: first, confession first; second, free heart evidence; third, combination of other evidence, in the position of corroboration; fourth, "conviction according to public evidence" under special circumstances. This article first carries on the system investigation to the Tang and Song Dynasty criminal proof pattern, mainly carries on the textual research to the relevant evidence stipulation provisions in the Tang Law and the Song Dynasty Criminal system, five hearing and the torture hearing are the Tang and Song dynasties to obtain the confession and the judgment confession two main ways. The provisions on witness testimony, material evidence, documentary evidence and other types of evidence are also more detailed. Although the law of Tang and Song Dynasty did not explicitly stipulate the system of free evidence, it ran through the spirit of free evidence, just like the Anglo-American law system. In addition, the legal system of "conviction according to the evidence" is applied to the special subjects such as "eight opinions". The provisions of the provisions are one thing, the implementation of the law is one thing, the third part of this article goes deep into the implementation of the system, with the method of empirical analysis of the further study of the Tang and Song dynasties criminal proof model in the practice of the embodiment. Firstly, it enumerates four cases to show the process of judge Tang and Song Dynasty hearing and adjudicating cases, and explains that the five hearing system includes many rich and varied methods in the concrete implementation; secondly, In the form of tables, ten cases are listed to illustrate the extensiveness of the application of torture in the judgment process of Tang and Song dynasties, and the barbarism and cruelty of extra-judicial torture are further pointed out. Thirdly, this paper enumerates seven cases to show the unique technical trial methods. It is worth noting that these methods are not the provisions of the law, but use the form of case as reference for later generations, which shows that their influence is great. Finally, combining the above cases, the author summarizes and analyzes the process of the trial of the judge of the Tang and Song dynasties. The author points out that in Tang and Song Dynasty, the investigation stage is preconceived, the trial stage is transferred, and the judgment of "conviction according to confession" is made. In Tang and Song dynasties, the mode of testifying freely in the center of confession was the inevitable result of the development of legal culture in China for thousands of years. Finally, the theoretical basis for the formation of this proof model is analyzed. From the aspects of epistemology, political system, evidential investigation and evidential jurisprudence, this paper analyzes the theoretical roots of confession supremacy, and the theoretical roots of free psychological evidence from the aspects of ideological basis, epistemology, legal culture and political basis.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D925.2

【引证文献】