1965年美国《中小学教育法》的制定与实施

发布时间：2018-04-23 21:14

本文选题：美国 + 伟大社会　；参考：《东北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文的研究议题是1965年美国《中小学教育法》的制定与实施分析。该法案是美国第36任总统林登·约翰逊“伟大社会”改革在教育领域内最为重要的法律之一。“伟大社会”改革是约翰逊总统运用高超的技巧推行的美国历史上涉及范围最广的改革计划,在美国历史上拥有浓墨重彩的一笔。《中小学教育法》在为中小学教育提供大规模资助方面取得了巨大的成功。这部根据低收入家庭孩子的数量把教育经费分配至各州的立法计划,使教育经费能够有效地资助公立以及私立学校中的贫困学生,开启了联邦援助中小学教育的新时代。因此,探讨《中小学教育法》的制定与实施能够了解其对美国教育史甚至是对于“伟大社会”改革的重要意义,并且对于我国中小学教育也有积极的借鉴作用。引言部分主要介绍了本文的选题依据、国内外研究现状、研究方法及文章存在的不足等问题。正文第一部分分别从《中小学教育法》在美国教育法发展史上以及在“伟大社会”和联邦教育政策关系上的地位入手进行分析,力求阐明该法案与美国政治制度框架之间的关系,了解其出台的背景。正文第二部分详细勾勒了《中小学教育法》从提出议案到最终立法的整个过程。在法案制定的过程中,从议案提出前的准备、法案起草的政治策略到法案在国会中的激烈讨论并最终在两院获得通过,再到最终由总统签署成为法律,这一系列的过程中都充满着权力的制衡以及各方利益的妥协。同时该章还对法案各部分内容进行了详细的分析。正文第三部分探讨了《中小学教育法》在实施过程中的情况以及遇到的问题。论文从法案每一条的实施情况进行考察,分析了造成法案实施中遇到困难的几个因素。正文第四部分分别从美国教育史和“伟大社会”改革层面论述了《中小学教育法》对美国社会的影响。结论部分对全文进行归纳总结,指出美国教育体系存在分权的特征。《中小学教育法》开启了联邦大规模干预中小学教育的时代。而《中小学教育法》的出台过程也并非一帆风顺,期间充斥着权力的制衡以及各方利益的妥协。但不管怎样,美国《中小学教育法》为美国中小学教育带来的变化值得我们去借鉴。
[Abstract]:The research topic of this paper is the formulation and implementation of the 1965 American Primary and Middle School Education Act. The bill was one of the most important laws in the field of education for Lyndon Johnson, the 36 th president of the United States. "Great Society" reform is the most extensive reform program in the history of the United States carried out by President Johnson with great skill. The primary and secondary education law has been a great success in providing large-scale funding for primary and secondary education in the history of the United States. The program, which allocates education funds to the states according to the number of children from low-income families, enables education funds to effectively fund poor students in public and private schools, opening a new era of federal aid for primary and secondary education. Therefore, probing into the establishment and implementation of the Education Law of Primary and Middle Schools can understand its significance to the history of education in the United States and even to the reform of "great society", and it can also be a positive reference for the education of primary and secondary schools in our country. The introduction mainly introduces the basis of this paper, the current situation of domestic and foreign research, the research methods and the shortcomings of the article. The first part of the text analyzes the status of primary and secondary school education law in the history of American education development and the relationship between "great society" and federal education policy. Seek to clarify the relationship between the Act and the framework of the American political system and understand its background. The second part of the text outlines the whole process of the primary and middle school education law from proposing the bill to the final legislation. In the process of making the bill, from the preparation before the bill was introduced, to the political strategy drafted by the bill, to the heated discussions in Congress that the bill was finally passed in both houses, to the final signing by the President into law. This series of processes are full of checks and balances of power and compromise of the interests of all parties. At the same time, this chapter also carries on the detailed analysis to the bill each part content. The third part of the text discusses the situation and problems encountered in the implementation of the Primary and Middle School Education Law. In this paper, the author analyzes the factors that cause the difficulties in the implementation of each article of the bill. The fourth part discusses the influence of the Primary and Secondary School Education Law on American society from the aspects of American educational history and "Great Society" reform. The conclusion part summarizes the full text and points out that the American education system has the characteristics of decentralization. The Primary and Secondary School Education Act opens the era of federal intervention in primary and secondary education on a large scale. The introduction of the primary and secondary education law is not smooth, full of checks and balances of power and compromise of interests. However, the changes brought about by the American Primary and Secondary Education Act are worthy of our reference.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

【引证文献】