汇率偏差并不构成法律上的出口补贴——评美国《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》

发布时间：2018-04-24 05:33

本文选题：汇率偏差 + 出口补贴　；参考：《河北法学》2013年01期

【摘要】：标志着美国对人民币汇率掀起新一波进攻狂潮的《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》以汇率偏差指控为支点,重心在于将汇率偏差等同于出口补贴。抛开汇率偏差在现有国际法律制度中应由《IMF协定》及其授权的IMF辖制姑且不论,即便依WTO有关出口补贴的规则来审视,汇率偏差及其针对的人民币汇率不仅不在《SCM协定》规定的财政资助和收入支持涵盖范围之内,也没有授予中国出口产品和出口商以利益,而且人民币汇率安排是出于广泛的经济、社会稳定和发展而采取的宏观经济政策,而非以出口业绩为条件的事实上的出口补贴。《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》虽标榜与美国承担的国际义务相符,实际上与之相悖。正因为汇率补贴得不到WTO现有规则的支持,巴西2011年9月在WTO提议建立专门针对汇率偏差的反补贴制度,值得密切关注。
[Abstract]:The "currency Exchange rate Supervision Reform Act of 2011", which marks a new wave of attacks by the United States on the RMB exchange rate, takes the charge of exchange rate bias as the fulcrum and focuses on equating exchange rate bias with export subsidies. Exchange rate biases should be set aside in the existing international legal system by the IMF Agreement and its authorized IMF, even in the light of the WTO's rules on export subsidies. The exchange rate deviation and the RMB exchange rate it targets are not only not covered by the financial assistance and income support stipulated in the SCM Agreement, but also do not benefit Chinese export products and exporters. Moreover, the RMB exchange rate arrangement is a macroeconomic policy adopted for a wide range of economic, social stability and development. Instead of de facto export subsidies conditional on export performance, the Monetary Exchange rate Supervision Reform Act of 2011, though touted as consistent with the United States' international obligations, actually contradicts it. Because currency subsidies are not supported by the WTO's existing rules, Brazil's proposal in WTO in September 2011 to create a countervailing system that specifically addresses exchange rate biases deserves close attention.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：2008年国家社会科学基金重点项目《防范和化解国际金融风险和危机的制度建构研究》(08AJY013)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.28

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