试论俄罗斯土地私有化的法制进程

发布时间：2018-05-01 00:39

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 土地私有化　；参考：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 俄罗斯自上而下的土地改革是依靠法律来推动和完善的,同时改革也在不断检验法律的可行性,修正法律的不当之处。土地私有化改革取得的成就为本文的研究提供契机。本文共四章,分别考察俄罗斯土地所有制和土地私人所有权的历史演变,分析并概述新俄罗斯土地私有化的进程和改革绩效,详细分析新俄罗斯私人土地权利法律制度的内容、成功之处和不足的地方,以期对我国土地立法提供重要的启示和帮助。土地所有权制度与中国“三农”问题有着紧密的联系,现阶段就中国的国情来说土地所有权制度不仅重要,而且是热点问题。新俄罗斯是苏联最大的继承国。中国同苏联和新俄罗斯有着非常相似的过去和千丝万缕的联系。对重要邻邦关于私人土地所有制法律进行深入的探讨和分析,可以为构建适合中国国情的土地所有权制度提供理论参考。在俄罗斯历史上村社被称为“俄罗斯精神”,村社是农民生产和生活的主要场所,能满足农民的基本生存权,强化了农民对村社的人生依附性。在村社基础上形成的村社土地占有制度成了俄国农业和农村现代化的障碍,是俄国历次土地改革的主要对象。但村社文化的影响具有历史惯性,在一定程度会消解新俄罗斯土地私有化改革所展示的意义。开始于1991年的俄罗斯土地私有化改革,从1999年开始农业经济在付出沉痛的代价后逐渐复苏,粮食产量增长较快。可以说土地私有化的成果初见端倪。伴随土地私有化改革的发展,各部门法都史无前例地强化对公民土地私有财产的保护。但鉴于土地之上共存着资源与财产属性,进入21世纪后,俄罗斯的土地立法出现了重大变化,法律明确规定土地既是自然资源同时又是不动产,因此俄罗斯的土地立法不仅保护土地所有者的合法权利,同时也赋予了土地所有人保护土地资源的义务。由于新俄罗斯土地私有化进程不可逆转,所以法律对土地私有财产的保护不会终止,但私人土地所有权应该受到适当的限制。在史论结合,论从史出的基础上,本文采取:历史叙述的方法,分析的方法,系统研究的方法以及实证等研究方法。
[Abstract]:The top-down land reform in Russia depends on the law to promote and perfect, at the same time, the reform is constantly examining the feasibility of the law and correcting the law's inadequacies. The achievements of land privatization reform provide an opportunity for the study of this paper. This paper, in four chapters, examines the historical evolution of land ownership and private ownership of land in Russia, analyzes and summarizes the process and reform performance of land privatization in New Russia, and analyzes in detail the contents of the legal system of private land rights in the new Russia. In order to provide important enlightenment and help to land legislation of our country. The system of land ownership is closely related to the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in China. At the present stage, land ownership system is not only important but also a hot issue in terms of China's national conditions. New Russia is the largest successor to the Soviet Union. China and the Soviet Union and New Russia have very similar past and inextricably linked. An in-depth discussion and analysis of the laws of private land ownership in important neighboring countries can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of a land ownership system suitable for China's national conditions. In the history of Russia, the village community is called "Russian spirit", which is the main place for farmers to produce and live. It can satisfy the peasants' basic right of existence and strengthen the dependence of peasants on village society. The system of land ownership formed on the basis of village community has become an obstacle to the modernization of Russian agriculture and rural areas and is the main object of previous land reform in Russia. However, the influence of village community culture has historical inertia, which will eliminate the significance of land privatization reform in New Russia to a certain extent. The reform of land privatization in Russia began in 1991. Since 1999, the agricultural economy has gradually recovered after paying a heavy price, and grain production has increased rapidly. It can be said that the results of land privatization are on the horizon. With the development of land privatization reform, various laws have strengthened the protection of private property of citizens' land in an unprecedented way. However, in view of the coexistence of resources and property attributes on land, after entering the 21st century, Russia's land legislation has undergone major changes. The law clearly stipulates that land is not only natural resources but also real estate. Therefore, Russia's land legislation not only protects the legal rights of landowners, but also imposes the obligation on landowners to protect land resources. Since the privatization of new Russian land is irreversible, the protection of private land property by law will not be terminated, but private land ownership should be subject to appropriate restrictions. On the basis of the combination of historical theory and history, this paper adopts the methods of historical narration, analysis, systematic research and empirical research.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD912.3;D951.2

【引证文献】