传统社会中讼师现象研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:20

本文选题：讼师 + 社会　；参考：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 讼师是中国传统文化中不可或缺的重要环节,然而学界对于讼师现象的关注却少之又少,而且所知的资料也是非常有限。关于中国古代讼师制度的书籍和文章,目前比较有代表性的是党江周著的《中国讼师文化—古代律师现象解读》,该书比较全面的从历史、文化等各个角度论述了中国古代的讼师制度。本文首先将讼师这一文化现象作了一个简要的概述,分别介绍了讼师的概况,包括讼师的名称、出身、业务场所和分布地域及讼师的产生背景。然后论述了古代讼师的发展状况,将古代讼师按照朝代的发展进行了简要的介绍。使读者对于讼师这一文化现象有了基本轮廓的认识。第二部分更加深入的探讨到为什么讼师在古代社会会为统治者所压制,为民众所不齿。该部分从社会、政治、经济、法律四方面来论述讼师生存状况的原因。社会方面民众价值观的不认同,政治上的君权专制,经济上的过重讼累以及法律意识的淡薄,造成了讼师处于政治和道德、官方和民间双重拒绝的尴尬境地。由于辩护在中国古代并不具备法律程序上的正当性,讼师的“挑词架讼”往往与统治者力求的“无讼”统治目标相背离,所以各朝各代的统治者无所不用其极,对讼师进行着管理。第三部分主要从古代律典和司法实践中对于讼师的管理展开叙述。律典方面,本文根据已知材料将关于讼师整治的条文列举了出来,由各朝代条文的具体内容来看,统治者对于讼师管理的条款基本上有延续前朝和自己的创新。司法实践方面,历代地方官员根据上层统治者的需要想出了很多整治和管理讼师的办法。可谓竭尽全力为统治阶级服务,力求把讼师出现的机会降到最低。尽管讼师在夹缝中为了生存苦苦挣扎,没有公开的身份和高尚的社会地位,但是他们有着存在的社会必要性。第四部分,正是从讼师在案件中的独特地位出发,论述了讼师对于被代理人和官府的意义,揭示了官方压制和社会需求之间的矛盾。以证讼师存在的必要性。最后,我们对于古代现象研究的原因是为了对于今天有所启示,研究讼师这一古代现象,正是想通过对其的研究来审视我们今天的司法制度和法律的发展。在今天,当下的中国,司法资格统一考试制度抬高了法律职业的准入门槛,法律职业已经成了令人羡慕的职业,特别是新的律师法的颁布更是顺应了社会发展的要求。讼师的后辈们也就是律师,已经有了与讼师们截然不同的命运和待遇,但是对于以制度化方式提高他们的地位仍然是我们要努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Advocate is an indispensable and important link in Chinese traditional culture. However, scholars pay little attention to the phenomenon of advocate, and know very limited information. The books and articles on the ancient Chinese advocacy system are at present more representative of the book "Chinese Litigation Culture-Ancient lawyer phenomenon interpretation" written by the Party and Jiangzhou. The book is relatively comprehensive from the history. Culture and other angles discussed the ancient Chinese litigation system. This paper first gives a brief overview of the cultural phenomenon of the advocate, respectively, including the name, origin, business place and distribution of the advocate, and the background of the emergence of the advocate. Then it discusses the development of ancient advocates and briefly introduces the development of ancient advocates in accordance with the development of the dynasty. So that the reader to advocate this cultural phenomenon has the basic outline of understanding. The second part further discusses why the ancient society would be suppressed by the rulers and disparaged by the people. This part from the social, political, economic, legal four aspects to discuss the reasons for the existence of a barrister. The disapproval of social values, the autocratic monarchy in politics, the excessive burden of litigation in economy and the weak consciousness of law make the litigants in the awkward position of political, moral, official and folk dual rejection. Because the defense in ancient China did not have the legitimacy of the legal procedure, the litigator's "pick words and stand the lawsuit" often deviated from the ruling goal of "no lawsuit" sought by the ruler, so the rulers of each dynasty had nothing to do with it. The advocate was managed. The third part mainly narrates the management of the advocate from the ancient law code and judicial practice. According to the known materials, this article enumerates the provisions on the regulation of the barristers. From the specific contents of the articles of each dynasty, the rulers basically have a continuation of the previous period and their own innovation for the terms of the management of the barristers. In judicial practice, local officials came up with many ways to regulate and manage the barristers according to the needs of the upper rulers. He did his best to serve the ruling class and to minimize the chances of a barrister. Although the litigants struggle to survive without open identity and noble social status, they have the social necessity of existence. In the fourth part, the author discusses the significance of the litigant to the principal and the government, and reveals the contradiction between the official repression and the social demand from the point of view of the unique position of the litigant in the case. The necessity of the existence of a barrister. Finally, the reason why we study the ancient phenomenon is to enlighten today. The study of the ancient phenomenon of the advocate is to examine the development of our judicial system and law through the study of the ancient phenomenon. Today, in China, the unified examination system of judicial qualifications has raised the entry threshold of the legal profession, the legal profession has become an enviable profession, especially the promulgation of the new lawyer law is in line with the requirements of social development. Lawyers and their successors already have a very different fate and treatment, but we still have to make efforts to improve their status in an institutionalized way.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929

【参考文献】