公民教育中的法制教育及其价值研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 21:43

本文选题：公民教育 + 法制教育　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：市场经济、民主政治、法治秩序是一个现代化国家的基本架构。国家的现代化首先是人的现代化,成熟的公民文化是一个国家现代化的重要标志,也是衡量国家现代化的一个重要标尺。公民文化的生成全系于教育。现代公民教育的主要内容包括三个方面：公民法制教育、公民政治教育和公民道德教育。其中公民法制教育包括培养公民对国家制度、法律制度的认同,树立权利与义务相统一的法制观念,培养公民法律意识,树立公民的法律信仰等方面的内容。法制教育在公民教育中起着重要的作用。法制教育提供了主体意识、平等意识、契约观念、民主思想、权利义务观念等公民教育的核心内容,法制教育提供了构建公民文化中不可或缺的重要文化基础与价值支撑。本文由五个章节组成,逐层展开,论证法制教育在公民教育中的价值及其作用。第一章从公民概念发展与公民教育的框架上进行考察。从法学、伦理学和政治学方面阐述了公民的概念,通过对西方和我国公民的发展进程的勾勒,阐述了公民是范围最广的称呼,公民之间是平等的,公民代表个人的一种身份,公民反映的是个体与国家之间的关系等基本的公民理念。公民教育是指培养公民对国家制度、法律制度的合理认同,树立公民民主法治精神,养成公民现代道德信仰,实现公民主体道德自觉与自愿守法相统一的社会实践活动。公民教育是主体性教育,应当把教育主体投射到广阔的社会历史背景中,投射到全部的物质文化与精神文化之中。公民教育是对公民施加的积极影响,唯有使人不断发展、不断进步、不断超越自我的积极影响才是教育。第二章主要考察了公民社会视域中我国的公民教育。改革开放以来,我国公民的主体性日益凸显,民主法治观念、权利意识和参与意识都有所提高。但我国是个缺乏公民和公民文化传统的国家,等级身份观念、宗法伦理、权力崇拜、畏官意识至今在社会生活中还很盛行,与公民社会相适应的权利意识、政治参与意识、自由平等观念、民主法治意识、社会信任等公民精神却很匮乏,缺乏一种足以维系公民社会的文化理念。我国公民素质的缺失,可以概括为公民主体性的萎缩,即公民的权利意识、参与意识、平等意识、责任和义务观念的匮乏,这是缺乏理性的法治精神和法律信仰的集中表现。我国现阶段以社会主义精神文明为主要取向的思想政治教育并不能提供全方位的公民教育。思想政治教育主要是站在执政党、国家政权及其相应的政治原则的立场上以灌输的方式强化受教者的政治思想觉悟。苛刻地讲,思想政治教育是被动教育,更接近臣民教育,而公民教育则是具有开放性的主体性教育。因此,公民教育才是思想政治教育转型的指向。第三章阐述了公民法律素养的内涵和社会功能。公民社会是由公民组成的社会,公民最基本的身份地位以及公民之间最基本的社会关系由现代法律所规制和保障。只有通过各种形式的法制教育,让公民认同法律是有益于社会的理智信念时,法律的外在强制性就变为公民内在的自觉的理性,对法律尊重和服从就是对自己精神生命的恪守。从本质上讲,法律素养就是理性化的人的精神。当人的精神普遍以法律为价值取向时,法律素养也便成为一种社会精神和民族精神。第四章在前面三章的基础上,深入的探讨和分析了法制教育对公民教育的契合支撑作用。公民社会是以维护公民权利为前提的民主自治社会,主体性、平等、自由、参与、权利与义务等信念或意识是这个社会的根本原则或价值信条。因此,公民社会视域中的公民教育必然要从法制教育中寻找并遵从以上价值准则。法制教育强调个体主体性的确立和发展,这是当前我国社会发展的迫切需要,也是我国公民教育遵循的最基本的价值准则。法制教育强调权利本位、权利与义务相一致,这是公民社会中一切行为的思想主线,是公民社会的本质要求。法制教育强调契约精神,契约精神作为市场经济与公民社会中理性的交换主体双方权利平等和意志自由(意思自治)的产物,反映了公民社会的根本精神。同时,法制教育体现了人文价值观教育,是促进个体社会化的手段。这些不仅反映了公民教育的内涵和深度,更对公民教育起到契合支撑作用。第五章对法制教育的价值创造与实现的途径和方法进行了揭示。人的法律意识的主体性提升与客体的弥合,是法制教育价值创造的本质。法制教育的价值创造活动,其意义就在于为个体观念的转变、升华提供新的选择,为社会价值取向的有序化提供可能性条件。法制教育价值创造的关键要素要求法制教育观念与理论的创新,法制教育活动创新和法制教育体制、机制的创新。提高公民法律意识、提高公民遵守法律的自觉性、普及法律法规教育,尤其是培育法律信仰是成功实现法制教育的主要内容。公民法律素养是推进公民社会建设进程的重要思想要素和内驱力,它赋有导向、整合与反思功能,法制教育是整个公民教育的内在支撑与契合机制。因此,要推进民主和建立现代化国家,就必须对公民文化进行重建,培育法治的深层文化根基,推动内在自觉的法治秩序的形成。
[Abstract]:The market economy, democratic politics and rule of law are the basic structure of a modern country. The modernization of the country is first the modernization of the people. The mature citizen culture is an important symbol of the modernization of a country. It is also an important indicator to measure the modernization of the country. The generation of citizen culture is all tied to education. It includes three aspects: citizen's legal education, citizen's political education and civic moral education, among which citizen's legal education includes the cultivation of citizens' identity to the state system, the legal system, the establishment of a unified legal concept of rights and obligations, the cultivation of citizens' legal consciousness, and the establishment of the legal belief of the public and the public. The legal education provides the core content of the civic education, such as the consciousness of the main body, the consciousness of equality, the concept of contract, the democratic thought, the concept of rights and obligations and so on. The legal education provides the indispensable important cultural foundation and the value support in the construction of the civic culture.
This article is composed of five chapters, and it is demonstrated by layer by layer that the value and role of legal education in civic education.
The first chapter is an investigation on the framework of civic concept development and civic education. The concept of citizen is expounded from the aspects of law, ethics and politics. Through the outline of the development process of citizens in the West and our country, it is stated that citizens are the most wide range of address, the citizen is flat, the citizen represents individual identity, and the citizen is reflected. It is the basic civic concept of the relationship between the individual and the state. Civic education refers to the cultivation of citizens' rational identification of the state system, the legal system, the establishment of a citizen's spirit of democracy and the rule of law, the cultivation of citizens' modern moral beliefs, and the realization of the unity of the moral consciousness of the citizens and the voluntary law-abiding. Education should project the subject of education into a broad social and historical background, and project it into all material and spiritual culture. Civic education is a positive influence on citizens. It is only education that makes people continue to develop, continue to progress and continue to transcend the positive effects of self.
The second chapter mainly examines the civic education of our country in the perspective of civil society. Since the reform and opening up, the subjectivity of our citizens has become increasingly prominent, the concept of democracy and the rule of law, the awareness of rights and participation have improved. However, our country is a country lacking citizens and civic cultural traditions, the concept of identity, the patriarchal ethics, the worship of power, and the fear of officials. It is still very popular in social life. The consciousness of rights, the consciousness of political participation, the concept of freedom and equality, the consciousness of democracy and the rule of law, the social trust and so on are very scarce and lack a cultural concept which is sufficient to maintain the civil society. The lack of citizen's quality in our country can be summarized as the atrophy of the citizen's subjectivity. The lack of citizens' consciousness of rights, participation consciousness, equality consciousness, responsibility and obligation, which is the lack of rational spirit of the rule of law and the concentrated expression of legal belief. The ideological and political education which is the main orientation of socialist spiritual civilization at the present stage in our country can not provide a full square citizen education. Ideological and political education is mainly on the stand. The ruling party, the state power and its corresponding political principles strengthen the political and ideological consciousness of the educated people in the position of instillation. Seriously, ideological and political education is passive education, closer to the education of subjects, and civic education is an open subject education. Therefore, civic education is the direction of the transformation of Ideological and political education.
The third chapter expounds the connotation and social function of citizen's legal accomplishment. Civil society is a society composed of citizens. The basic status of citizens and the most basic social relations among citizens are regulated and guaranteed by the modern law. Only through various forms of legal education, citizen identity law is a rational letter beneficial to the society. In memory, the external coercive force of the law becomes the inner self-conscious rationality of the citizen, and the legal respect and obedience abides by the spiritual life of his own. In essence, the legal accomplishment is the spirit of the rational man. When the spirit of the man is generally oriented by the law, the legal accomplishment becomes a social spirit and a national spirit.
The fourth chapter, based on the first three chapters, deeply discusses and analyzes the supporting role of legal education to civil education. Civil society is a democratic and autonomous society based on the premise of safeguarding citizens' rights. The belief or meaning of subjectivity, equality, freedom, participation, rights and obligations is the fundamental principle or value creed of this society. Civic Education in the perspective of civil society is bound to seek and comply with the above values in legal education. Legal education emphasizes the establishment and development of individual subjectivity, which is the urgent need for the development of our society at present and the most basic value criterion of the civil education in our country. Legal education emphasizes right standard, right and obligation. This is the main line of thought of all behavior in civil society and the essential requirement of civil society. Legal education emphasizes the spirit of contract and the spirit of contract is the product of the equal rights and free will of the two parties in the market economy and civil society, reflecting the fundamental spirit of civil society. At the same time, the legal system is the legal system. Education embodies the education of humanistic values, which is a means to promote the socialization of the individual, which not only reflects the connotation and depth of civic education, but also plays a supporting role in civic education.
The fifth chapter reveals the way and method of the value creation and Realization of legal education. It is the essence of the value creation of legal education, which is the essence of the value creation of legal education. The significance of the value creation of legal education is to provide a new choice for the transformation of the individual concept and the sublimation and the orientation of social value. The key elements of the value creation of the legal education require the innovation of the concept and theory of legal education, the innovation of legal education and the system of legal education, the innovation of the mechanism, the improvement of citizens' consciousness of law, the improvement of citizens' consciousness of compliance with the law, the popularization of laws and regulations education, especially the cultivation of legal beliefs. Work is the main content of legal education.
Citizen's legal literacy is an important ideological element and internal drive to promote the process of civil society construction. It has the function of guiding, integrating and reflecting. Legal education is the internal support and mechanism of the whole citizen education. Therefore, to promote democracy and establish a modern country, it is necessary to reconstruct the culture of citizens and cultivate the deep culture of the rule of law. The foundation is to promote the formation of the rule of law in the inner consciousness.

【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】