英国宪政建立的宗教原因研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 22:39

本文选题：英国 + 宪政　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 英国是立宪之母,它的宪政制度对世界其他国家的影响非常深远,在世界宪政史上占据着不可替代的地位。讲起宪政必言英国,这不仅是因为它产生最早,而且特点鲜明、独树一帜。英国的宪政发展道路之所以不同于欧洲大陆,在于两个方面：形式上,英国走的是一条斗争与妥协相融合的道路——“光荣革命”；内容上,英国国王是国教会的领袖,保留了国王,率先确立君主立宪制。英国的宪政制度是十三、十四世纪以来逐渐积累的必然结果,是实际经验演进的历史成果。在分析了英国的宪政史、宗教史和法律史之后,笔者发现英国宪政的全部发展就在于国家主权权力的争夺和转移,由实体性的王权演变为象征性的王权。在亨利八世宗教改革之前主要是国王与教会对国家权力的争夺,之后则是代表天主教势力的国王与代表新教力量的议会之间的斗争。在政治、经济、文化、宗教、地理等诸多因素中,对英国宪政模式选择起着最为重大作用的是宗教!因此,笔者就尝试沿着宗教这一条线索,运用辨证唯物主义方法论来探讨英国的宪政发展。本文共分为三个部分,第一部分宪政建立的影响因素,提出了契约精神、西方的法律和自由主义思想这样三个影响因素。这三者都促成或促进了宪政的发端。第二部分从宗教尤其是基督教与契约精神、西方法律和自由主义思想的相互关系出发,论证了基督教与三者紧密的联系,由此将基督教与宪政之间的关系联系到了一起,并指出正是由于宗教的作用,才‘在西方产生了契约精神、自由主义思想、以及深入人心的法治思想,进而才‘产生了宪政。第三部分主要论述了英国宪政建立的过程,从最早的英国国家建立开始,英国就深受宗教的影响,盎格鲁撒克逊时代,王权与教权合为一体,共同发展。由于基督教的传播,宗教信仰的统一促使英格兰统一国家的形成。在国家统一的过程中,王权不仅向着强大的方向发展,而且受到原始习惯、法律和教会的限制。而后教权和王权进入了斗争和妥协的阶段,产生了具有重大意义的《大宪章》,确立了王在法下。16世纪的亨利八世的宗教改革使得英国王权脱离罗马天主教教会,国王成为英国最高宗教领袖。议会权力也在这次宗教改革中得到提高,确立了“国王在议会中”的最高主权原则。由于天主教与新教,国王与议会之间的矛盾不可调和,爆发了1640年英国内战。在经历了流血、独裁和复辟之后,英国又重新回归传统,封建贵族与新兴资产阶级相互妥协,发动“光荣革命”,颁布一系列宪法性法律文件,确立君主立宪制。这整个的过程,无不处处闪现着宗教的身影,结合前两部分已论证的宗教与宪政的关系,那么就展示出了英国宪政建立过程中宗教的极为重要、不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:Britain is the mother of constitutionalism, its constitutional system has a profound influence on other countries in the world and occupies an irreplaceable position in the history of the world constitutionalism. Speaking of constitutional government, it is necessary not only because it produces the earliest, but also distinctive and unique. The way of the British constitutional development is different from the European continent and lies in two parties. Face: in form, Britain took the road of the integration of struggle and compromise - the "Glorious Revolution"; in content, the king of England was the leader of the Church of the state, retained the king and took the lead in establishing the constitutional monarchy. The constitutional system of Britain was the inevitable result of the gradual accumulation since the fourteenth Century, and the historical result of the evolution of actual experience. After analyzing the history of constitutional government, the history of religion and the history of law, the author found that the whole development of British constitutional government lies in the contention and transfer of the sovereign power of the state, and from the substantive royal power to the symbolic royal power. Before the reformation of Henry VIII, the chief was the struggle for the power of the state by the king and the church, then the representative of the God. The struggle between the king of the forces and the parliament representing the Protestant forces. Among the many factors such as politics, economy, culture, religion, geography, and so on, the choice of the British constitutional model is the most important part of religion. Therefore, the author tries to follow the clue of religion and use the dialectical materialism methodology to explore the development of constitutional government in Britain.
This article is divided into three parts. The first part is the influence factors of the establishment of constitutionalism, and the three factors such as the spirit of contract, the law of the West and the thought of liberalism. The three all contribute to or promote the origin of constitutional government. The second part is from religion, especially Christianity and contract essence, and the relationship between western law and liberalism. From the point of view of the close relationship between Christianity and the three, the relationship between Christianity and constitutionalism was linked together, and it was pointed out that it was the effect of religion that the spirit of contract, the thought of liberalism, and the thought of the rule of law in the people's mind were created in the west, and then the constitutionalism was created. The third part mainly discussed Britain. The process of establishing constitutional government in the country started from the earliest British state. Britain was deeply influenced by religion, the Anglo Saxon era, the unity of the power of king and the right to teaching, and common development. Because of the spread of Christianity, the unity of religious belief promoted the formation of the United State in England. In the process of national unification, the royal power not only became powerful. The direction developed, and was restricted by the primitive habits, the law and the church. Then the power and the royal power entered the stage of struggle and compromise, producing the Great Charter, which established the religious reform of Henry VIII of the.16 century under the law that made British royal power divorced from the bishop of Luo Ma Tian and the King became the highest religion in England. The parliamentary power has also been improved in this religious reform, and the supreme sovereignty principle of the king in parliament has been established. The British civil war broke out in 1640 because of the incompatibility between the king and the parliament because of Catholicism and Protestantism and the conflict between the king and the parliament. After the bloodshed, dictatorship and restoration, the British regress to the tradition, the feudal aristocracy and the burgeoning. The bourgeoisie compromised with each other, launched a "Glorious Revolution", enacted a series of constitutional legal documents, and established a constitutional monarchy. The whole process flashed the shadow of religion everywhere, combining the relationship between the religion and the constitutionalism demonstrated in the previous two parts, which showed that the religion in the process of the establishment of British constitutionalism was extremely important and could not be replaced. The role of the generation.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：DD911;D956.1

【参考文献】