1914年商会法之争研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 23:05

本文选题：1914年 + 农商部第十六号训令　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 对于清末民初的重要民间商人组织——商会,许多学者都做出了深刻的研究。商会的发展,一方面体现了西学东渐所带来的近代资产阶级民主权利意识的日益壮大,另一方面也反映出强有力中央国家政权之阙如,与已初具规模的民间经济社团二者之间的妥协,体现了近代商人团体为其独立自由所做出的努力。从近二十年的研究成果来看,有不少论文以一个地方的商会为研究对象,而关于商会法律的却不多见,针对1914年商会法1之争的就更少了。中国近现代史研究所所长朱英先生是这一领域研究的先行者,是第一位专门以1914年商会法为研究对象的的学者。朱英先生所著“张謇与民初的《商会法》之争2一文给予了笔者很大的启示。除此之外,也有不少论著涉及到1914年商会法,但多数论著都只是在其文中单列一章或者一节做一些较为简略的脉络分析,又或者,是在材料的引用上有史料较为陈旧或是相互引证缺乏实际考证的缺陷。鉴于此,笔者选取了1914年商会法为对象,来研究1914年商会法颁行之后所引发的官商之争。本文的写作方式,是在查阅并总结了民国时期有关于商会的大量第一手资料,如《中华民国四年第四次农商统计表》、《政府公报》、《申报》、《上海总商会议事录》、《上海总商会组织史资料汇编》、《中华民国商业档案资料汇编》、《天津商会档案资料汇编》等的基础之上,对1914年官商之间的相关争论点进行详细的梳理和逐步的分析。全文共分为前言、正文及结论三个部分。前言部分首先提到了1914年商会法之争发生的背景及争议的大致脉络。其次介绍了前人的研究著述和本文的研究角度。正文分为两部分: 第一部分详细梳理了1914年商会法之争的始末。对于争议的焦点,本文主要从商会的组织结构与商会对官厅的公文程式规定两方面入手,做出具体论述。在商会的组织结构方面的争议,本文将从改组原有总分会和取消全国商会联合会两个角度来分析;在商会对官厅的公文程式方面的争议,本文将从商会与行政长官以及农商部长之间的呈文规定两个角度来讨论。关于其他内容的争议,本文将以主要领导人员的选任制度及财政制度为例,进行简要分析。第二部分以1914年商会法之争为基础分析了争议背后的问题。首先,文章从近代商会商人组织的变化入手,分析了传统商人组织,如行会、会馆,与作为近代商人组织的商会之间的性质变化;然后对商会的社团独立性做了评述;接着指出1914年商会法之争中官商争议的实质是:商会所希望的维护商会从清末以来的权利和地位的愿望,与政府所主导的希望逐步削弱商会的独立性并加强对商人组织控制监督的进程之间的冲突;最后,从政府自身力量的欠缺,传统商人组织的存在,农商总长张謇的离任等方面,论述了1914商会法之争中,北京政府做出妥协让步的原因之所在。结论部分对商会在1914年商会法之争中所展示出的近代民主精神,和反抗政府压制的勇气及实力,进行了肯定评价。并对商会在争取商权、保护社团独立自由之外的其他目的,做出了思考。
[Abstract]:Many scholars have made profound research on the important folk merchant organization of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the chamber of Commerce. The development of the chamber of Commerce embodies the growing sense of modern bourgeois democratic rights brought about by the western learning, on the other hand, it also reflects the lack of the powerful central state power, and the folk classics, which have already begun to take shape. The compromise between the two of the economic associations reflects the efforts made by the modern merchant groups for their independent freedom. From the research results of the last twenty years, many papers have been studied by a local chamber of Commerce, while the law of the chamber of commerce is rarely seen, and the dispute over the chamber of commerce in 1914 is less. Mr. Zhu Ying, the pioneer of the research in this field, is the first scholar specializing in the study of the chamber of Commerce in the 1914. Mr. Zhu Ying has given a great deal of inspiration to the author of the debate between Zhang Jian and the law of chamber of Commerce in the early days of the Republic of China. In addition, there are many treatises involving the chamber of Commerce in 1914, but most of the treatises are only in their writings. In this case, I selected the chamber of Commerce in 1914 as an object to study the contention between the official business of the chamber of Commerce in 1914, which was caused by the 1914 chamber of commerce law.
The writing style of this article is to consult and summarize a large number of first-hand information about the chamber of Commerce in the period of the Republic of China, such as the fourth agricultural business statistics table in four years of the Republic of China, the government communique, the declaration > the Shanghai general business conference, the compilation of the history of the organization of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce, the compilation of the commercial archives of the Republic of China, the archives of the Tianjin chamber of Commerce. On the basis of material compilation and so on, the paper makes a detailed analysis and analysis of the controversial points of the 1914.
The full text is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion.
The preface first refers to the background and controversy of the chamber of Commerce Law in 1914. Secondly, it introduces the previous research works and the research perspective of this article.
The text is divided into two parts:
The first part details the beginning and end of the dispute of the chamber of Commerce in 1914. For the focus of the dispute, this article is mainly from the two aspects of the organization structure of the chamber of Commerce and the provisions of the official document of the chamber of Commerce. The disputes on the organization structure of the chamber of Commerce will be reorganized from the original general branch and the cancellation of the National Chamber of Commerce of the National Chamber of commerce two This article will discuss the disputes between the chamber of Commerce and the chief executive and the Minister of agriculture and Commerce in two angles. In the case of other disputes, this article will take a brief analysis of the selection system and financial system of the main leaders.
The second part analyzes the issues behind the dispute on the basis of the dispute of the chamber of Commerce in 1914. First, the article starts with the changes in the merchant organization of Modern Chamber of Commerce, and analyzes the changes in the nature of the traditional merchant organizations, such as guilds, guilds, and the chamber of Commerce organized as modern merchants, and then comments on the association independence of the chamber of Commerce; and then points out that 1914 The essence of the dispute between the official and commercial disputes of the chamber of Commerce in the year of the chamber of commerce is: the desire of the chamber of Commerce to safeguard the rights and status of the chamber of Commerce since the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the conflict between the government led hope gradually weaken the independence of the chamber of Commerce and strengthen the process of the control and supervision of the merchant organization; finally, the lack of the government's own strength and the existence of the traditional merchant organization On the basis of the departure of Zhang Jian, chief agricultural businessman, this paper discusses the reasons for the compromise and concession of the Beijing government in the dispute between the 1914 chambers of Commerce.
The conclusion is part of the affirmative evaluation of the modern democratic spirit, the courage and strength of the chamber of Commerce in the chamber of Commerce in 1914, and the courage and strength to resist the suppression of the government. It also makes a reflection on the other purposes of the chamber of Commerce to strive for commercial rights and to protect the independent freedom of the community.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D923;D929

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