公民法律义务实现的激励模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 04:02

本文选题：法律义务实现 + 激励模式　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：相较于对法律权利的研究，学界对法律义务的关注一直较少，关于法律义务实现的研究则更为匮乏。已有的讨论主要是从应然层面或者以强制为视角来分析法律义务的实现。而本文则选择从激励的角度对法律义务实现进行分析。对于激励的关注符合法律义务在本质上所包含的自愿性。激励模式相较于强制模式来说有其独特的优越性，因而更容易被认可和接受，，运行的阻碍也相对较小。全文分为以下三个部分：第一部分主要是对法律义务实现的过程的一般性描述，并在此基础上进行反思。文章用了大量的篇幅对法律义务实现的过程进行了描述。这种描述也反映了学界在此问题上常态化的研究进路。同时文章还对法律义务实现中的影响因素从内外两个视角进行了初步的阐释，呈现出法律义务实现的背景环境。通过这两个方面的分析初步展现出法律义务实现的整体样貌。在反思学界常态化研究思路的基础上，笔者指出这样的一种观察研究采用的是一种单一化的以强制为核心的事后角度。进而提出应当寻求事前视角的研究方法来丰富此类问题的讨论。第二部分主要是对激励模式在法律义务实现过程中的运作进行的分析。首先在微观层面上对基于期望、需求、公平而发生的法律激励运作进行了分析。在宏观上文章指出法律激励的运行需要实现激励双方的双向互动以及国家激励与民间激励的良性互动。其次，文章就激励相较于强制所表现出来的优越性进行了分析。最后文章从中国与新日韩等国的赡养义务法律规范的比较分析中，将激励模式与赡养义务的实现进行勾连。并且提出在赡养义务实现问题上，要转变思路，放弃单纯的道德拷问，吸取国外立法经验，积极推动激励因素参与到老年人赡养义务实现过程中。第三部分提出在构造激励模式时应当注意的几个问题。主要包括激励的适当性、激励的出发点、激励目标的确定等几个方面。笔者在最后特别指出，对法律激励的研究要特别的关注司法过程与激励的关系。只有注意好这几个问题我们才能为法律义务实现建构起一个良好的激励模式。
[Abstract]:Compared with the study of legal rights, scholars pay less attention to legal obligations, and lack of research on the realization of legal obligations. The existing discussion mainly analyzes the realization of legal obligation from the aspect of ought or from the angle of compulsion. This article chooses to analyze the realization of legal obligation from the angle of motivation. The focus on incentives is in line with the voluntary nature of legal obligations. Compared with the compulsory mode, the incentive mode has its unique advantages, so it is easier to be recognized and accepted, and the obstacles to operation are relatively small. The full text is divided into the following three parts: The first part is the general description of the process of the realization of legal obligations, and on the basis of this reflection. The article devoted a great deal of space to describe the process of the realization of legal obligation. This description also reflects the regular approach of academic research on this issue. At the same time, the influence factors in the realization of legal obligation are preliminarily explained from the internal and external perspectives, showing the background environment of the realization of legal obligation. Through the analysis of these two aspects, it shows the overall appearance of the realization of legal obligation. On the basis of reflecting on the thought of normalizing research in academic circles, the author points out that such a kind of observation research adopts a kind of unitary post facto perspective with the core of compulsion as the core. Furthermore, it is suggested that we should seek the research methods from a prior perspective to enrich the discussion of this kind of problems. The second part mainly analyzes the operation of incentive mode in the process of realizing legal obligation. Firstly, the author analyzes the operation of legal incentives based on expectation, demand and fairness at the micro level. On the macro level, the author points out that the operation of legal incentive needs to realize the two-way interaction between the two sides and the benign interaction between the state incentive and the folk incentive. Secondly, the paper analyzes the superiority of motivation compared with compulsion. Finally, from the comparative analysis of the legal norms of maintenance obligations between China and New Japan and South Korea, the article links the incentive mode with the realization of maintenance obligations. We should change our thinking, abandon the simple moral torture, absorb the foreign legislative experience, and actively promote the incentive factors to participate in the process of realizing the maintenance obligation of the elderly. The third part puts forward several problems that should be paid attention to when constructing incentive model. It mainly includes the appropriateness of incentive, the starting point of motivation, the determination of incentive goal and so on. Finally, the author points out that the study of legal incentives should pay special attention to the relationship between judicial process and incentives. Only by paying attention to these problems can we construct a good incentive model for the realization of legal obligation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D921

【相似文献】