习惯的法源地位研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 19:41

本文选题：法律渊源 + 习惯　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，，中国理论界对习惯的研究成果颇多，然而，大部分学者关于习惯的研究均停留在对民事习惯、少数民族习惯的研究上，而忽视了对其在整个法律体系中地位的研究。我国的立法和司法虽都承认习惯，但其法律渊源地位并不明确。从实践上来讲，习惯作为法律渊源的地位不容忽视。关于习惯的法源地位研究不但有助于我们正确认识法律渊源的界定，而且有利于我们更深入的理解法治的意义。本文通过运用比较研究、历史考察、价值分析等方法从以下四个章节对习惯的法律渊源地位进行研究：第一章，首先介绍了法律渊源和习惯的概念，这部分重点清晰的对法律渊源与法律形式、习惯与习惯法进行了区分；其次，引述了两大法系和中国理论界对习惯作为法律渊源的地位研究。然后，引出了习惯作为一种特殊条件下的法律渊源地位，这个特殊条件即是“法律缺位”，即在没有法律法规的情况下才可以依照当地习惯。第二章，首先从法律文化学、法律人类学、法律社会学三个视角来介绍习惯作为法源的合理性依据。其次，重点阐述习惯在《宪法》、《民法通则》、《合同法》、《物权法》、《刑法》以及行政法规和司法解释中的合法性依据。再次，提出了习惯作为法源的条件，包括客观标准和外部表征。习惯变成习惯法必须满足得到国家承认、现行法的空缺或失效、不与法律的基本原则相抵触三个条件。第三章，论述了习惯作为法源的立法适用问题。首先应该对习惯进行调查整理汇编，然后分别从民事、刑事、行政立法上加以研究。第四章，论述了习惯作为法源的司法适用问题。民事习惯主要是通过“直接采用习惯、解释制定法、司法调解、制定关于当地习惯的指导意见”四种方式加以适用；刑事习惯主要从“区别对待不同的刑事纠纷和刑事习惯、建立和完善刑事案例指导制度以及建立其他司法救济机制，比如通过民间调解、公安机关不立案侦查、对当事人免于起诉”等方面加以适用；行政习惯的司法适用则重点规制了法官的自由裁量权，以提高习惯司法适用的准确性，最终合理解决纠纷，促进社会和谐。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been a lot of researches on habits in Chinese theorists. However, most scholars' researches on habits remain on the study of civil habits and minority customs, but neglect the research on their status in the whole legal system. Although our country's legislation and judicature all admit custom, but its legal origin status is not clear. In practice, the status of custom as a source of law can not be ignored. The study on the legal source status of custom not only helps us to understand the definition of legal source correctly, but also helps us to understand the meaning of rule of law more deeply. Through comparative study, historical investigation, value analysis and other methods, this paper studies the legal origin status of habit from the following four chapters: the first chapter introduces the concept of legal origin and habit. This part makes a clear distinction between the sources and forms of law, custom and customary law. Secondly, it quotes the research on the status of custom as a source of law in two legal systems and Chinese theoretical circles. Then, it leads to the status of custom as a source of law under special conditions. This special condition is called "law vacancy", that is, it is only in the absence of laws and regulations that the local custom can be followed. The second chapter introduces the rationality of habit as the source of law from the perspectives of legal culture, legal anthropology and legal sociology. Secondly, it focuses on the legal basis of custom in the constitution, general principles of civil law, contract law, property law, criminal law, administrative regulations and judicial interpretation. Thirdly, it puts forward the condition of habit as the source of law, including objective criterion and external representation. The conversion of custom into customary law must satisfy three conditions, which are recognized by the State, void or invalid of Lex lata and do not conflict with the basic principles of law. The third chapter discusses the legislative application of custom as a source of law. Customs should be investigated and compiled first, and then studied separately in civil, criminal and administrative legislation. Chapter four discusses the judicial application of custom as a source of law. Civil customs are mainly applied through "direct adoption of customs, interpretation of statutory laws, judicial mediation, development of guidance on local customs", and criminal customs are mainly applied from "treating different criminal disputes and criminal customs differently." Establishing and perfecting the guidance system of criminal cases and establishing other judicial relief mechanisms, for example, through folk mediation, the public security organs do not file a case for investigation, and the parties are exempted from prosecution. The judicial application of administrative habits focuses on regulating the discretion of judges in order to improve the accuracy of customary judicial application and finally resolve disputes reasonably and promote social harmony.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D920.0

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