论伊利的司法审查理论

发布时间：2018-05-31 20:05

本文选题：司法审查 + 解释主义　；参考：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 司法审查是指是指司法机关通过对立法机关和行政机关制定的法律、法规及其他行使国家权力的活动进行审查,宣告违反宪法的法律、法规无效及对其他违法活动通过司法裁定予以纠正,从而切实维护宪法的实施,保护公民和法人的合法权益。美国是世界上最早出现司法审查案例并形成相关制度的国家,美国宪法学者伊利教授在透彻研究了当前主流的两种司法审查理论,解释主义和非解释主义的优劣之后,发现目前主流司法审查理论和民主政治理论的不兼容问题,民主选举产生的立法机关制定的法律,可以被非民选的法院宣告违宪无效,而美国宪法亦未明文规定法院有权对立法和行政机关进行审查。而解释主义和非解释主义都不能完美的解决这个司法审查理论和民主政治理论的矛盾问题。伊利教授提出自己的观点,即疏通政治变革的渠道,和保障少数群体的代表权。以此来完善司法审查理论。本文对伊利教授的基本观点进行介绍,根据主流的违宪审查理论,结合我国的宪法诉讼理论,立法和司法实践,提出一些自己的理解。全文共分为四个部分。第一部分是对在目前司法审查理论领域处于主流地位的解释主义进行分析,发现其吸引力和合理性,但也要看到其受到宪法条款的约束而带来的缺陷。第二部分是对针对解释主义的缺陷,探寻非解释主义的价值,如自然法,中立原则,理性等等。并推断出,非解释主义依然无法解决司法审查与民主的不兼容闯题。第三部分通过从代议制政府和美国宪法的本质两方面进行分析,得出司法审查从根本上就是对民主的一种不信任,并论证了法院作为审判者的合理地位。第四部分,伊利教授对司法审查理论的两个建设性的建议,即疏通政治变革的渠道,和保障少数群体的立法权等权益,建立透明的立法程序。在肯定这两个建议的基础上,结合各国宪法诉讼理论和实践,提出自己一些理解和建议。
[Abstract]:Judicial review refers to laws that the judiciary declares to be unconstitutional by reviewing laws, regulations and other activities made by the legislature and the executive organs in the exercise of state power, The law is invalid and other illegal activities are corrected by judicial ruling, so as to safeguard the implementation of the Constitution and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons. The United States is the first country in the world to have cases of judicial review and form relevant systems. Professor Ely, a constitutional scholar of the United States, has thoroughly studied the advantages and disadvantages of the two main theories of judicial review, interpretionism and non-hermeneuticism. Finding that the current mainstream judicial review theory and democratic political theory are incompatible, that laws formulated by democratically elected legislatures can be declared unconstitutional by unelected courts. Nor does the Constitution expressly provide for the courts to review legislative and executive bodies. Neither interpretivism nor non-hermeneutics can solve the contradiction between judicial review theory and democratic politics theory. Professor Ely puts forward his own point of view, that is, to liberalize the channels of political change and guarantee minority representation. In order to perfect the theory of judicial review. This paper introduces Professor Yili's basic viewpoints, and puts forward some understandings according to the mainstream theory of unconstitutional review, combined with the constitutional litigation theory, legislation and judicial practice in our country. The full text is divided into four parts. The first part is an analysis of interpretivism which is in the mainstream position in the field of judicial review theory at present, and finds its attraction and rationality, but it should also see the defects brought about by the restriction of the constitution clause. The second part explores the value of non-hermeneutics, such as natural law, neutral principle, rationality and so on. And infer that non-hermeneutics still cannot solve the incompatibility between judicial review and democracy. The third part analyzes the essence of representative government and American constitution, and concludes that judicial review is a kind of distrust of democracy, and demonstrates the reasonable position of the court as a judge. In the fourth part, Professor Yili's two constructive suggestions to the theory of judicial review, namely, to dredge the channels of political change and to protect the legislative power of minority groups, and to establish a transparent legislative procedure. On the basis of affirming these two suggestions, combined with the theory and practice of constitutional litigation in various countries, this paper puts forward some understandings and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911

【参考文献】