日本犯罪过失研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 22:49

本文选题：旧过失论 + 新过失论　；参考：《吉林大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 犯罪过失理论是日本20世纪刑法学中探讨最为热烈的领域,在旧过失论之后,又提出了新过失论、新新过失论。目前的通说是新过失论。三大过失论围绕着预见可能性和结果避免义务这两个核心问题展开激烈争论。其结果是,具体的预见可能性被一定程度的抽象化,在过失的认定顺序上,强调从确定结果避免义务出发再探讨预见可能性问题。以结果避免义务为中心,使得犯罪过失不再是责任要素,而是构成要件要素。犯罪过失地位的变化蕴涵着架空责任论和否定三段式犯罪论的危险。追究犯罪过失责任原则上以法律规定为限,但由于结果避免义务是行动基准,犯罪过失责任正在扩大化。尤其监督过失理论使得追究监督者过失责任更加容易。限制过失责任和监督过失责任的理论是容许的危险理论以及在其基础上形成的信赖原则。我国目前的旧过失论立场,不仅难以应对过失犯罪的状况,也难以直接引进日本的通说新过失论,因此必须修改犯罪过失的法律规定。在此基础上,我国借鉴日本犯罪过失论是可能的。借鉴日本新过失论之外,我国也具备了在一定范围内适用信赖原则的条件。另外,鉴于我国的过失犯罪状况,迫切需要及时引进监督过失理论,坚决追究监督者的过失责任。
[Abstract]:The theory of criminal negligence is one of the hottest fields in Japanese criminal jurisprudence in the 20th century. After the old theory of negligence, the theory of new fault and new theory of fault are put forward. The current theory is the new fault theory. The theory of three gross negligence focuses on the two core issues of the possibility of foresight and the obligation of avoidance of result. The result is that the specific possibility of foresight is abstracted to a certain extent, and in the order of fault determination, it is emphasized to discuss the possibility of foresight from the perspective of the obligation to avoid the result. Taking the duty of avoidance of result as the center, the criminal negligence is no longer the element of responsibility, but the element of constitution. The change of the position of criminal negligence implies the danger of the theory of overhead liability and the negation of the theory of three-paragraph crime. In principle, the liability for criminal negligence is limited by law, but as the obligation of avoidance of result is the benchmark of action, the liability for criminal negligence is being expanded. In particular, the theory of oversight fault makes it easier to investigate the supervisor's fault liability. The theory of limiting fault liability and supervising fault liability is the theory of permissible danger and the principle of trust formed on its basis. Our country's old position of negligence theory is not only difficult to deal with the situation of negligent crime, but also difficult to directly introduce the general theory of negligence in Japan. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the legal provisions of criminal negligence. On this basis, it is possible for our country to draw lessons from Japanese criminal negligence theory. In addition to Japan's new negligence theory, China also has the conditions to apply the principle of trust to a certain extent. In addition, in view of the situation of negligent crime in our country, it is urgent to introduce the theory of supervisory negligence in time and resolutely investigate the fault liability of supervisors.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD914;D931.3

【引证文献】