美国1978年破产法初探

发布时间：2018-05-31 23:11

本文选题：美国1978年破产法 + 历史发展　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 破产法几乎是每一个现代国家的法律体制中不可缺少的组成部分。破产法作为法律的一个领域,可以追溯至罗马帝国时期。自1800年美国颁布第一部联邦破产立法确立破产制度以来,美国破产制度至今已有两百多年的发展历史,在世界破产法历史上有重要的影响。回顾美国两百多年破产制度发展的历史,可以看出美国的破产立法与其国家的经济走向紧密相连。每次破产立法的兴废都与同时代的经济发展密切相关。从1800年颁布第一部破产法开始,随后分别于1841年、1867年、1898年颁布的破产法都有着相同的经济背景——无法避免的周期性经济危机。同样,这四部破产法的命运也随着经济复苏而遭到废止。1978年美国终于颁布了一部不是为了应对经济危机的破产法典,美国破产法从一开始的权宜之计变成调整经济生活中必不可少的法律。美国1978年破产法在美国破产法史上占据重要地位,研究美国1978破产法对于正确、全面地理解美国破产法律制度,提高我国破产立法水平,健全我国破产管理制度,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文以美国1978年破产法为研究对象,重点研究其历史发展和基本制度适用情况。全文分为五个部分: 第一部分前言。内容主要涉及本文的写作目的、研究对象、研究范围和一些概念的界定。第一章美国破产法的历史演变。对美国两百多年的破产法律发展进行了梳理,以美国联邦破产立法由临时性的权宜之计到最终永久确立作为划分依据,将美国破产法的历史发展划分成三个阶段:1898年之前的三部破产立法为美国破产制度的起步阶段;1898年之后到1978年之前这段时间是美国破产制度的确立阶段;从1978年非因经济危机原因而首次颁布破产法典作为美国的破产制度走向成熟发展阶段。通过对美国破产法历史发展的梳理,为研究美国1978年破产法提供了一个历史平台基本背景。第二章1978年破产法。阐述的重点是美国1978年破产法的法律渊源、制定过程、基本制度及法律适用。从1968年开始,美国国会开始对破产制度进行改革,经过十年时间到1978年颁布了破产改革法,废除了1898年破产法和1938年的坎特勒法,并以美国联邦破产法典的形式公布施行。1978年破产法规定的主要内容有:一般条款,结构的定义和规则(第1章);案件管理(第3章);债权人、破产债务人和破产财团(第5章);清算(第7章);市政当局债务的调整(第9章);重整(第11章);有固定收入的个人的债务调整(第13章)。此外,1978年破产法改进了破产案件的行政管理,进一步完善和发展了破产免责制度和建立了破产法院体系。美国破产法是在继承英国破产法的基础上发展而来的,但是,在不断的发展变化中,美国破产法已经独立形成自己的体系,有自身的特点。其中最具特色的莫过于美国破产立法者发明的现行破产法典中的第11章重整程序、对破产免责制度的发扬光大和别具一格的自动停止制度。故本文将重点阐述以上三种制度的适用情况。第三章1978年以后破产法的发展。1978年破产法的通过并没有停止国会继续进行相关的破产立法行动,多方面的因素一直鞭策国会不停地进行联邦破产立法活动。1978年破产改革法施行后,美国破产法又经历了多次修改。从1984年开始一直到2005年一共经过了10次修正案的修改。重点内容涉及:第一,国会被迫对最高法院和其他法院做出的判决进行回应。第二,信贷业,对于日益增长的破产案件和那些通过破产逃债的债务人的增多,要求出台新的修正案来约束债务人。第三,20世纪80年代早期的农业危机也需要立法对家庭农业者提供救济措施。第四,破产法院出乎意料地成为那些新生复杂社会问题的讨论场所。第五,破产法院审理案件的数量激增。最后一部分是余论。在研究美国1978年破产法的基础上论文对美国破产法进行了总结:美国破产立法与其国家的经济走向紧密相连;美国破产法独特的破产制度对世界破产法的发展起到了引领作用;美国破产法的现实走向。
[Abstract]:The bankruptcy law is almost an indispensable part of the legal system of every modern country. As a field of law, bankruptcy law can be traced back to the period of the Rome empire. Since the first federal bankruptcy legislation was enacted by the United States in 1800, the bankruptcy system of the United States has been developed for more than 200 years, in the world. The history of the bankruptcy law has an important impact. Reviewing the history of the development of the more than 200 year bankruptcy system in the United States, it can be seen that the bankruptcy legislation of the United States is closely linked to the economic trend of the state. Every bankruptcy legislation is closely related to the economic development of the same times. The first bankruptcy law was promulgated in 1800, followed by 1841, 186, respectively. In the 7 year, the bankruptcy law issued in 1898 had the same economic background - an unavoidable cyclical economic crisis. Similarly, the fate of the four insolvency laws was abolished with the economic recovery of.1978. The United States finally issued a bankruptcy code that was not in response to the economic crisis, and the US Bankruptcy Law changed from the expedient of the beginning. In order to adjust the essential law in economic life, the 1978 bankruptcy law of the United States occupies an important position in the history of the bankruptcy law of the United States. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the 1978 bankruptcy law of the United States for the correct, comprehensive understanding of the legal system of the bankruptcy of the United States, the improvement of the level of our bankruptcy legislation and the improvement of the management system of bankruptcy in our country. This article takes the bankruptcy law of the United States in 1978 as the object of study, focusing on its historical development and the application of the basic system. The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is preface, which mainly involves the purpose, object, scope and definition of the thesis.
The first chapter is the historical evolution of the bankruptcy law of the United States. It combs the development of the more than 200 year bankruptcy law in the United States. It takes the United States federal bankruptcy legislation from temporary expediency to the final permanent establishment as the basis for division, and divides the historical development of the American bankruptcy law into three stages: the three bankruptcy legislation before 1898 is the United States Bankruptcy System. The initial stage of the degree; the period from 1898 to 1978 was the establishment stage of the American bankruptcy system; the bankruptcy code of the United States was first promulgated as a mature development stage from the non economic crisis in 1978. By combing the history of the bankruptcy law of the United States, a study of the bankruptcy law of the United States in 1978 was provided. The basic background of a historical platform.
The second chapter of the bankruptcy law in 1978, focusing on the legal origin of the bankruptcy law in the United States in 1978, the formulation process, the basic system and the application of the law. Since 1968, the United States Congress began to reform the bankruptcy system. After ten years to 1978, it promulgated the bankruptcy reform law, abolished the bankruptcy law of 1898 and Kanter in 1938. The form of the federal insolvency code is published in the form of the.1978 Insolvency Law: general terms, definitions and rules of structure (chapter first); case management (third); creditors, bankruptcy debtors and bankruptcy consortia (fifth chapters); liquidation (seventh); adjustment of municipal debt (ninth chapters); eleventh chapters); individuals with fixed income The debt adjustment (thirteenth chapter). In addition, in 1978, the bankruptcy law improved the administration of bankruptcy cases, further improved and developed the bankruptcy exemption system and the establishment of the bankruptcy court system. The American bankruptcy law was developed on the basis of the succession of the British bankruptcy law. However, in the continuous development and changes, the United States Bankruptcy Law has been independent. It has its own system, which has its own characteristics. The most distinctive of which is the eleventh chapter reorganization procedure in the current bankruptcy code invented by the US bankruptcy lawmakers, the development of the insolvency exemption system and the unique automatic stop system. Therefore, this article will focus on the application of the above three systems.
After the third chapter of the 1978 bankruptcy law, the adoption of the bankruptcy law in.1978 did not stop Congress from continuing to carry on the relevant bankruptcy legislative action. Many factors have been whip the Congress to carry out the federal bankruptcy legislation for.1978 insolvency reform law. The United States Bankruptcy Law has undergone many revisions. Since 1984, it has been the beginning of the law. By 2005, a total of 10 amendments had been amended. The focus was on: first, Congress was forced to respond to decisions made by the Supreme Court and other courts. Second, the credit industry, the increasing number of bankruptcy cases and the increase of debtors through bankruptcy, required a new amendment to bind the debtors. Third, 20 The agricultural crisis in the early 80s of the 80s also needed legislation to provide relief to family farmers. Fourth, the bankruptcy court unexpectedly became a discussion place for the new and complex social problems. Fifth, the number of cases in the bankruptcy court has surged.
The last part is Yu. On the basis of the study of the 1978 bankruptcy law of the United States, the paper summarizes the American Bankruptcy Law: the bankruptcy legislation of the United States is closely connected with the economic trend of the state; the unique bankruptcy system of the American bankruptcy law has played a leading role in the development of the world bankruptcy law; the realistic trend of the American bankruptcy law.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29

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