美国贸易调整援助制度研究与启示

发布时间：2018-05-31 23:45

本文选题：贸易调整援助 + 自由贸易　；参考：《华东政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文旨在介绍应对贸易自由化而产生的贸易救济制度——贸易调整援助制度,该制度的目的在于救济国内因进口产品冲击而受损害的工人、企业和产业,其实施对保护国内产业免受进口影响进而促进贸易自由化起到了很好的作用。与一般的贸易救济制度不同,贸易调整援助制度主要着眼于调整而非仅限于救济,即其所提供的援助是为受进口冲击的工人、企业和产业调整以恢复其竞争力。美国的贸易调整援助制度正是上述宗旨之下,为应对美国自由贸易政策尤其是GATT项下协议的签订而订立的,该制度实施以来,为数以万计的工人、企业、农民提供了援助,为工人重新获得工作岗位、企业恢复竞争力、产业调整过渡提供了良好的保障。因此,尽管该制度在设立之初惹来不少非议,美国历届政府都不遗余力地完善该制度,现任总统奥巴马实施的2009年《美国经济复苏和再投资法案》占用大量篇幅对该制度进行了新的改革和完善。本文重点在于通过对美国工人贸易援助项目和企业TAA项目,以探索其对我国当前贸易调整援助立法的借鉴意义；美国TAA制度除工人和企业TAA项目外,还包括农民和社区TAA项目,我国是一个农业大国,农业TAA项目对我国来讲意义非凡,但限于篇幅和精力,本文只对农业TAA项目做简略介绍,以后有机会将对农业TAA项目做更加深入的研究和探索。我国目前正处于不断扩大贸易自由化的阶段,入世及参与自由贸易同盟使得我国的进出口贸易在数量和范围上都有了突破性的进展,进口贸易的发展更是前所未有地迅猛,进口依存度逐年以较大幅度提高；但自由贸易也是一把双刃剑,其对我国经济的负面作用已经通过部分产业或行业所遭受的冲击展现出来,而我国目前的贸易救济制度主要着眼于“攘外”,极少涉及到如何“安内”即对国内产业进行直接的救济——WTO《保障措施协定》鼓励在遭受进口冲击的情况下对国内产业进行调整。基于此,本文大胆设想借鉴美国贸易调整援助制度,在我国现行贸易救济制度的框架下,逐步建立我国贸易调整援助制度。但本文所构想的我国贸易调整援助制度实为对企业的贸易调整援助制度,且为借鉴美国立法所得,仅为抛砖引玉,为各位学者研究本课题提供些微浅薄之见。需要说明的是,本文定稿之际,适逢2009年《美国复苏与再投资法案》(其大部分条款将于2009年5月18日生效)出台,该法案对美国贸易调整援助制度进行了大幅度改革,笔者依该法案对论文进行了相应的修改,本文中介绍的美国贸易援助调整制度即为2009年修订后的制度。但因时间仓促,恐有未及改正之处,审阅者如能指出,定加以改进,谨表谢意!
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to introduce the trade relief system-Trade Adjustment Assistance system, which is designed to help workers, enterprises and industries in the country who have been damaged by the impact of imported products. Its implementation has played a good role in protecting domestic industries from import and thus promoting trade liberalization. Different from the general trade relief system, the trade adjustment aid system is mainly focused on adjustment, not limited to relief, that is, the aid it provides is for workers, enterprises and industries affected by imports to adjust to restore their competitiveness. The U.S. Trade Adjustment Assistance system was established to deal with the signing of the US free trade policy, especially the agreement under GATT. Since its implementation, the system has provided assistance to tens of thousands of workers, enterprises, and farmers. For workers to regain jobs, enterprises to restore competitiveness, industrial restructuring to provide a good guarantee. Therefore, despite the criticism that the system attracted at the beginning of its establishment, successive United States administrations have spared no effort to improve the system. Current President Barack Obama's 2009 U.S. Economic recovery and Reinvestment Act takes a lot of space to reform and improve the system. This paper focuses on the American Workers Aid for Trade Program and the Enterprise TAA Project to explore its reference significance for the current legislation of China's Trade Adjustment Assistance. In addition to the TAA program for workers and enterprises, the TAA system of the United States also includes the TAA Project for Farmers and Communities. China is a large agricultural country, the agricultural TAA project is of great significance to our country, but limited to space and energy, this paper only briefly introduces the agricultural TAA project, and will have the opportunity to do more in-depth research and exploration on the agricultural TAA project in the future. At present, China is in the stage of expanding trade liberalization. China's import and export trade has made a breakthrough progress in quantity and scope, and the development of import trade is more and more rapid than ever before. The degree of import dependence has been greatly increased year by year, but free trade is also a double-edged sword. Its negative effect on China's economy has been manifested through the impact on some industries or industries. However, the current trade relief system of our country is mainly focused on "hustle and bustle". There is very little concern about how to provide direct relief to domestic industries, that is, the WTO Agreement on safeguard measures encourages the adjustment of domestic industries in the event of import shocks. Based on this, this paper boldly envisions the establishment of China's trade adjustment aid system under the framework of China's current trade relief system by drawing lessons from the United States' trade adjustment aid system. However, the trade adjustment aid system conceived in this paper is actually the trade adjustment aid system for enterprises, and for the reference of American legislation, it is only to offer some shallow opinions for scholars to study this subject. It should be noted that as this article is being finalized, it coincides with the 2009 recovery and Reinvestment Act, most of which will come into effect on May 18, 2009, which has substantially reformed the United States Trade Adjustment Assistance system. According to this Act, the author has revised the thesis accordingly. The American Aid for Trade Adjustment system introduced in this paper is the revised system in 2009. However, due to the lack of time, there may not be any correction, if the reviewer can point out, will improve, I would like to express my gratitude!
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2

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