不正当影响制度的立法研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 15:56

本文选题：不正当影响 + 意思表示　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 不正当影响制度起源于英国的衡平法,它作为意思表示瑕疵制度中的一种,其目的主要在于为合同一方因受心理或精神上的压力而与对方签订合同或者因薄弱的意志、懦弱的体质、精神上的痛楚使自主抉择能力受到影响而签订合同的情形提供一种法律上的救济途径。不正当影响制度在英美法系国家发展地已相当成熟,特别是在英国与美国,且两国对于不正当影响都有自己的认定标准。而在大陆法系除荷兰有明确规定外其它大多数国家都只作了类似的规定,如德国的“暴利”制度,法国的“欺诈”制度。我国受大陆法系的影响较大,也没有对不正当影响进行规定。但是,现实与理论表明,我国完全有必要构建这一制度。首先,从现实上来讲,我国的社会关系纷繁复杂,社会专业化发展迅速,市场交易行为也不够规范,所以不正当影响制度在我国有存在的现实依据。其次,从理论上来讲,我国的意思表示瑕疵制度包括了欺诈、胁迫、乘人之危、重大误解、显失公平,但是都不能涵盖不正当影响所能发挥的作用。所以,不正当影响制度在我国也有存在的理论依据。我国在构建这一制度的过程中,可根据我国的国情与立法现状适当吸收英美国家对于这一制度的精髓。同时,在这一过程中也应该清醒认识到,不正当影响制度如果适用得当,则它不仅可以维护合同的正义也可维护交易的安全,从而促进经济的发展,但如果适用不当,则只会反其向而行,不仅不会促进经济的发展,反倒会阻碍经济的健康运行。所以,我国在构建不正当影响制度时也应该注意对其进行立法规制,以防止滥用的情形发生。
[Abstract]:The system of improper influence originates from the equity of England, as one of the systems of defects in the expression of will, the main purpose of which is to sign a contract with the other party or because of weak will because of psychological or mental pressure. Cowardly constitution, mental pain affects the ability of independent choice and the signing of contract provides a legal remedy. The system of improper influence has matured in Anglo-American law countries, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States, and both countries have their own standards for improper influence. In the civil law system, except for the Netherlands, most countries only made similar provisions, such as Germany's system of "profiteering" and France's system of "fraud". Our country is influenced by the civil law system greatly, also has not carried on the stipulation to the improper influence. However, reality and theory show that it is absolutely necessary to construct this system in our country. First of all, in reality, the social relations of our country are complicated, the social specialization develops rapidly, the market transaction behavior is not standardized, so the system of improper influence has the realistic basis in our country. Secondly, theoretically speaking, the defective system of expression of intention in our country includes fraud, coercion, taking advantage of others' danger, major misunderstandings and obvious inequity, but they can not cover the role that improper influence can play. Therefore, the system of improper influence in China also has a theoretical basis. In the process of constructing this system, we can absorb the essence of this system in Anglo-American countries according to our national conditions and legislative status. At the same time, it should be soberly realized in this process that if the system of improper influence is properly applied, it can not only maintain the justice of the contract but also the security of the transaction, thus promoting the development of the economy, but if it is not applied properly, Instead of promoting economic development, it will hinder the healthy operation of the economy. Therefore, in order to prevent abuse, our country should also pay attention to the legislative regulation of improper influence system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】