美国超级基金法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 12:56

本文选题：超级基金 + 责任机制　；参考：《郑州大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,人类活动对环境影响的广度和深度日益扩大,产生危险废物的种类和数量也逐渐增多。危险废物具有有毒性、难分解、腐蚀性等特点,对其管理、处置与整个社会的切身利益紧密相关,如果不能适当处置,将会危害人体健康,同时也会破坏自然资源。而在生产活动中,不可避免会发生一些危险废物泄露或者泄露威胁的事件,当发生危险废物泄露或者泄露威胁时,如何判定责任主体、进行何种清理或救助以及怎样分担反应费用等问题为我们所关注。美国《超级基金法》是一部在已经产生危险废物泄露或泄露威胁的情况下,潜在责任人如何进行清理或救助危险废物场所的法律,旨在通过清理或救助行动,改变人们非理性的生产方式,实现保护居民健康和自然环境的目标。该法规定的责任机制,为清理或救助危险废物场所提供法律依据;该法规定的超级基金制度,为清理和救助危险废物场所提供资金支持。从中我们可看到环境立法发生的一些变化:危险废物泄露或者泄露的威胁、危险废物场所的治理不仅需要技术、责任机制的支持,经济方面的支撑也同样重要。论文以“责任”为主线,贯穿于美国《超级基金法》法律制度写作过程之中,力求较为完整地、客观地展现该法对危险废物场所治理或救助工作所所取得的成效。本文对美国《超级基金法》的立法背景、发展历程、主要内容以及成就和不足之处进行分析,总结出该法的一些理念、思路和方法,以期对我国危险废物治理的立法工作有所助益。通过对美国《超级基金法》沿革的叙述,指出法律是随着社会经济和政治的发展而发展;通过分析和阐述危险废物泄露的定义、责任主体、责任原则、责任构成等内容,指出该法的基本框架和核心所在;通过考察超级基金制度,总结该制度的实施所取得的成就以及存在的不足:结合我国有关危险废物的立法状况,希望对美国《超级基金法》的相关研究,为我国危险废物法制建设提出有益建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the impact of human activities on the environment is expanding day by day, and the types and quantities of hazardous wastes are also increasing. Hazardous waste has the characteristics of toxicity, indecomposability and corrosiveness. The management and disposal of hazardous waste is closely related to the vital interests of the whole society. If not properly disposed, it will endanger human health and destroy natural resources. However, in production activities, there will inevitably be some incidents of hazardous waste leakage or the threat of leakage. When a hazardous waste leakage or leakage threat occurs, how to determine the subject responsible, The question of what kind of clean-up or rescue is being carried out and how to share the cost of the response is a matter of concern. The U. S. Superfund Act is a system that has created the threat of hazardous waste leaks or leaks. The law on how to clean up or rescue hazardous waste sites is aimed at changing people's irrational mode of production and realizing the goal of protecting residents' health and natural environment through cleaning or rescuing. The liability mechanism provided by the Act provides a legal basis for the clean-up or rescue of hazardous waste sites; the superfund system under the Act provides financial support for the clean-up and rescue of hazardous waste sites. From this we can see some changes in environmental legislation: hazardous waste leakage or the threat of leakage, hazardous waste site management not only needs technology, responsibility mechanism support, The economic support is also important. The thesis takes "liability" as the main line, runs through the writing process of the superfund law in the United States, and strives to be more complete. The effectiveness of the method in hazardous waste site management or rescue is demonstrated objectively. This paper analyzes the legislative background, development course, main contents, achievements and shortcomings of the US Superfund Act, and summarizes some ideas, ideas and methods of the Act. With a view to our country's hazardous waste treatment of the legislative work is helpful. By describing the evolution of the superfund law of the United States, it is pointed out that the law develops with the development of social economy and politics, and by analyzing and expounding the definition of hazardous waste leakage, the subject of responsibility, the principle of liability, the constitution of liability, etc. Pointing out the basic framework and core of the law, summarizing the achievements and shortcomings in the implementation of the superfund system by examining the superfund system: considering the status of our country's legislation on hazardous wastes, It is hoped that the relevant research on the superfund law of the United States will provide useful suggestions for the construction of hazardous waste legal system in China.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.28

【参考文献】