论公法与私法的责任构成之区分

发布时间：2018-06-18 05:36

本文选题：公法责任 + 私法责任　；参考：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国法理学界关于法律责任构成理论的通说认为,法律责任的构成要件一般包括责任主体、违法行为或违约行为、损害后果、因果关系、主观过错等五个方面。但通说没有能够在公法与私法这种最基本的法律类型上做出区分,导致了它在有的法律关系上说得通,有的法律关系上说不通,不够精准。法律责任构成是指认定法律责任时所应该予以考虑的具体因素,包括必要因素和非必要因素两大类。循着公法与私法的二元划分这样一种思路,我们或许可以尝试着对法理学通说进行改造,也即将法理学通说分解为公法责任构成和私法责任构成,以提升法律责任构成理论的合理性、精准性和科学性。公法责任是以道义为基础和特征的,私法责任是以功利为基础和特征的。以刑法、行政法为主的公法具有浓厚的道义性,因而公法上的责任以惩罚为核心目的；以民法为主的私法具有强烈的功利性,因而私法上的责任以补偿为核心目的。公法责任构成的必要因素包括主观过错、主体、违法行为三个方面,非必要因素包括危害结果和因果关系两个方面；私法责任构成的必要因素包括损害结果、行为和因果关系三个方面,非必要因素包括主观过错、行为的违法性两个方面。区分公法与私法的责任构成,不仅具有理论方面的价值,也有实践方面的指导意义。归责原则并不是责任构成的基础和前提,不是归责原则决定了责任构成,而是恰恰相反,不同的责任构成决定了不同的归责原则。由公法责任构成所提炼出来的归责原则是过错责任原则；由私法责任构成所抽象出来的归责原则包括三种,分别是无过错责任原则、公平责任原则和过错责任原则。在责任构成与责任方式的关系上,应当承认责任构成对不同责任方式的选择具有宏观上的、决定性的意义。
[Abstract]:The general theory of legal liability theory in our country holds that the constitutive elements of legal liability generally include five aspects: the subject of liability, the illegal act or breach of contract, the damage consequence, the causality, the subjective fault and so on. However, the general theory fails to distinguish between public law and private law as the most basic type of law, which leads it to make sense in some legal relations and to make no sense in some legal relations, which is not precise enough. The constitution of legal liability refers to the specific factors that should be considered when determining legal liability, including two categories of essential factors and non-essential factors. Following the dual division of public law and private law, we may try to reform the general theory of jurisprudence and divide it into public law liability and private law liability. In order to enhance the rationality, accuracy and scientific nature of the theory of legal liability constitution. The responsibility of public law is based on morality and characteristic, and the responsibility of private law is based on utilitarianism. Criminal law and administrative law as the main public law has a strong moral character, so the responsibility of public law is to punish as the core purpose; the civil law based on private law has a strong utilitarian, so the responsibility of private law is to compensate as the core purpose. The essential factors of liability in public law include three aspects: subjective fault, subject and illegal act, non-essential factors include harm result and causality, and the necessary factor of liability constitution of private law includes damage result. Non-essential factors include subjective fault and illegality. It is not only of theoretical value, but also of practical significance to distinguish the constitution of responsibility between public law and private law. The principle of imputation is not the basis and premise of the formation of responsibility. It is not the principle of imputation that determines the constitution of responsibility, but on the contrary, different constitution of responsibility determines different imputation principle. The imputation principle extracted from the constitution of public law liability is the principle of fault liability, and the principle of imputation which is abstracted from the constitution of liability in private law includes three kinds, namely, the principle of no-fault liability, the principle of fair liability and the principle of fault liability. In the relation between responsibility constitution and responsibility mode, it should be acknowledged that responsibility constitution has macroscopical and decisive significance to the choice of different responsibility ways.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】