中西传统法律文化比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 04:17

本文选题：文化 + 法律文化　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国综合国力的增强，国人希望在全球化日益发展的今天，能够在世界民族之林找到自己独一无二的价值归属。特别是近几十年来，当我们研习西方法律体系与法律文化发展路径的时候。这种对价值复归的渴求日益明显。因为，我们在学习西方的时候，越发感到西方的制度不能很好的在中国生根发芽。因此，我们要想很好的学习西方先进的制度与理念，一定要了解中西方传统法律文化的发展路径，分析各自不同的形成原因，才能在整合多元法律文化的时候做到有条不紊，有的放矢。比如，在中国大部分农村地区，为了避免亲属之间的矛盾，大部分的家长会选择在他们还不是很年迈的时候就分家产。家中的男丁一般会得到比较多的财产份额。反过来，他们也承担更多的对老人赡养的义务。有学者将其成为“附条件的赠与”，和家庭内部的契约关系有些相近。如果一旦出现了纠纷，通常会找家里面或者村里面德高望重的人来主持公道而不是诉诸法院。这个法律现象折射出两个方面的问题，其一是在中国广大的农村，自给自足的自然经济长期占主要地位。生活和工作方式很稳定。人们自己种的粮食就可以满足基本的生活供给，不必非要用交换的方式来谋生。因此，种植技术的掌握是第一关键。而这种需要大量经验才能培养出来的农耕知识，一般多由长者掌握，然后传给自己的孩子们。这种自上而下的管理方式比较容易让人们养成服从的思维方式或者性格特点。在这种环境下，人与人之间依附关系强，很难有独立的人格。人们碰到了什么问题，第一反应也是找长辈讨教而不是找法院。比较之下，西方由于单个国家（特指欧洲大陆）缺少自给自足的地理环境和农业产品，因此交换就变得异常重要，商业往来，互通有无。而商业往来的前提就是人与人的平等和独立。因此，当纠纷出现的时候，他们需要诉诸一个无利害关系的第三方来进行调解。另一个重要的问题是，中国很多农村地区，，一个村落的人都是一个姓氏，证明其几百年前都是一家人，由于这种强大的亲属关系.人们养成了厌诉的心理。因为诉讼是不符合中国传统文化的主流价值观的。儒家学派的创始人孔子主张“仁义礼智信”，强调“中庸”，用现在的话讲就是和谐。如果有人轻易的打官司，就会被认为是异类，或者铁石心肠的人，继而四处碰壁，甚至失去社会生命。所以人们不到万不得已的时候，是不会打官司的。在中国传统法律实践的历史中，法律一般会在紧急情况下被当做一种工具，而不是一种生活方式。根据以上的分析，我们可以得到这样的结论，一个国家的习俗和文化决定了其法律制度的衍生和运行。反过来讲，一个国家或地区的法律体系也可以反应出其特有的认知理念、民族性格以及思维方式。因此，法律移植不是盲目的照搬西方的法律制度。我们需要做的是，首先了解中西方民族思维方式上的差异，然后对比分析中西法律文化的异同。接下来，我们需要分析思维方式和法治之间的关联。只有通过这种方式才能有效地吸收西方法律文明中的适合我们的精华。完善我们的法治建设。本文包括导言、正文、结语三个部分，其中正文由四部分构成。导言以简短的文字概述本文的写作主旨。正文第一部分法律文化的概述。分别介绍文化、法律文化的概念以及法律文化与法律传统的关系。正文第二部分将从结构方面法律文化的内涵和外延。正文第三部分将按照法律文化的结构层次对中西传统法律文化进行比较。正文第四部分将是全文的升华阶段，试图提出如何完善我国法治建设的合理化建议。结语对整篇文章进行了总结，对全文的框架内容进行了整理，呼应开头。畅想中西法律文化融会贯通的壮丽景象。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of China's comprehensive national strength, Chinese people hope to find their unique values in the world's forest of nationalities today. Especially in the past few decades, when we study the development path of the western legal system and the legal culture, the desire for the return of values is becoming increasingly obvious. In the study of the west, the more the western system is not very good to take root in China. Therefore, we want to learn the advanced western system and concept, we must understand the development path of the traditional legal culture in the West and the west, and analyze the different reasons for the formation of the different legal cultures. In most rural areas in China, for example, in order to avoid the contradiction between relatives, most parents will choose to divide their household products when they are not very old. The men in the family generally get a lot of property share. In turn, they also undertake more obligations to support the elderly. It is a "conditional gift", which is somewhat similar to the contractual relationship within the family. If a dispute occurs, it is usually found in the home or in the village to preside over the court rather than resort to the court. This legal phenomenon reflects two problems, one is in the vast countryside of China, self sufficiency. But the economy has long been the main position. The way of life and work is stable. People's own grain can meet the basic supply of life without having to make a living in the way of exchange. Therefore, the mastery of planting technology is the first key. This kind of top-down management makes it easier for people to form an obedient way of thinking or character. In this environment, there is a strong dependence between people, and it is difficult to have an independent personality. As a single country (especially the continent of Europe) lacks self-sufficient geographic and agricultural products, exchange becomes very important, commercial, and interrelated. The premise of business is equality and independence between people and people. So, when the dispute arises, he needs to resort to a third party of no interest. Mediation. Another important issue is that in many rural areas in China, a village is a family name, proving that it was a family for hundreds of years. Because of this strong kinship, people have developed the mentality of disapproval. Because the lawsuit is not in accordance with the main values of Chinese traditional culture. Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, advocates "Benevolence and righteousness", emphasizing the doctrine of the doctrine of the doctrine of the mean, is harmonious in the present words. If someone makes a lawsuit easily, it will be regarded as an alien, or a man of heart and stone, and then go around the wall and even lose the life of the society. Law generally is used as a tool in an emergency, not a way of life. According to the above analysis, we can get the conclusion that the customs and culture of a country determine the derivation and operation of its legal system. In turn, the legal system of a country or region can also reflect its specific cognition. The idea, the national character and the way of thinking. Therefore, the legal transplant is not a blind copy of the western legal system. What we need to do is to first understand the differences in the way of thinking between the Chinese and the Western nations, and then compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the Chinese and western legal cultures. Only in this way can we effectively absorb the essence of western legal civilization and improve our rule of law.
This article consists of three parts, namely, introduction, text and epilogue, of which the body consists of four parts.
The introduction outlines the main thrust of this article in brief.
The first part is the outline of legal culture. It introduces the concept of culture, legal culture and the relationship between legal culture and legal tradition.
The second part of the text will focus on the connotation and denotation of legal culture from the aspect of structure.
The third part of the text will compare the traditional legal culture between China and the West according to the structural level of legal culture.
The fourth part of the text will be the distillation stage of the full text, trying to put forward how to perfect the rationalization proposal of our country's rule of law.
The conclusion summarizes the whole article, collate the contents of the full text, echo the beginning, and think about the magnificent sight of the integration of Chinese and western legal culture.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-052

【参考文献】