南京国民政府时期《强制执行法》研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 16:03

本文选题：南京国民政府 + 民事执行制度　；参考：《江西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：强制执行法，是规定以公力实现执行名义效力的程序法。我国历史上并无独立的民事诉讼法规，更无单独的强制执行法。直到清末修订法律时期，受到西方法律的影响，才制定出我国首部独立的《强制执行律草案》，可惜未经审定，清廷即告覆灭。1912年中华民国成立后，因《强制执行律草案》未经晚清政府审定，不在援用之列，各地审判厅为办理民事执行事务，纷纷出台各种民事执行办法，形式既不统一，且内容混乱。鉴于此，北京政府于1920年制订了《民事诉讼执行规则》并颁布施行，成为我国历史上首部正式颁布实施的民事执行法规。无论是晚清政府的立法尝试，还是北京政府的立法探索，为后来南京国民政府时期的强制执行立法提供了借鉴。 1927年，南京政府成立之初，核准援用前北京政府的法律，《民事诉讼执行规则》成为办理民事执行事件的法规，在《强制执行法》制定之前，发挥了重要的功效。办理民事执行事件过程中，不但总结和积累了经验，同时进一步暴露了《民事诉讼执行规则》的缺陷。为此，南京国民政府司法部出台《补订民事执行办法》，对《民事诉讼执行规则》进行补充。正是经过长期的执行实践，为《强制执行法》的制定奠定了实践基础。《强制执行法》是在近代中国新旧文化交替、中西文化碰撞的时代背景下产生的，具有鲜明的时代烙印。这部执行法的制定，不但参酌当时从清末到民国既有的民事执行法律法规，同时借鉴和吸收当时其他国家和地区的民事诉讼法规及强制执行法规，因此既具时代特色，又不失本国传统，，使现代民事执行理念得到发展与完善,现代民事执行法律制度得以确立。这是当时一批立法精英努力的结果，他们留学归来，带来了先进的法律理论、法制理念和立法技术，推动了《强制执行法》的现代化。《强制执行法》框架完整，结构严谨，但没有将对金钱债权的执行作为一个独立章节，而是分化为第二章的“对于动产之执行”、第三章的“对于不动产之执行”、第四章的“对于其他财产之执行”，这三个章节与第一章总则和第五章、第六章对非金钱债权的执行，以及第七章假扣押、假处分的执行，共同组成了具有现代理念的强制执行法。辩证的研究和分析这部执行法的立法基础、立法条件、立法过程，以及所设计的制度框架，可以更清楚地看到它的成功之处及缺陷，为我们现在强制执行立法提供有意义的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Enforcement law is the procedural law that prescribes the nominal effect of execution. In the history of our country, there is no independent civil procedure law, let alone a separate enforcement law. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty when the law was revised that the first independent draft of the Enforcement Law was formulated under the influence of western law. Unfortunately, without examination, the Qing court was destroyed. After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, Because the draft law of compulsory execution was not approved by the late Qing government, it was not cited. In order to deal with civil execution affairs, various civil execution measures were introduced in various jurisdictions one after another, and the form was not uniform and the contents were confused. In view of this, the Beijing government formulated and promulgated the Civil procedure execution rules in 1920, which became the first civil execution law in the history of China. Both the legislative attempt of the late Qing government and the legislative exploration of the Beijing government provided a reference for the enforcement legislation in the later period of the Nanjing National Government.1927, at the beginning of the establishment of the Nanjing Government, By approving and invoking the laws of the former Beijing government, the rules of execution of Civil Proceedings have become the laws and regulations for handling civil execution incidents, and have played an important role before the enactment of the Enforcement Law. In the process of handling civil execution events, not only the experience is summarized and accumulated, but also the defects of the execution rules of Civil procedure are exposed further. Therefore, the Ministry of Justice of the Nanjing National Government issued the supplementary Civil execution measures to supplement the execution rules of Civil Proceedings. It is precisely through the long practice of enforcement that it has laid a practical foundation for the formulation of the compulsory Enforcement Law. The compulsory execution Law was produced under the background of the new and old cultures of modern China and the collision of Chinese and Western cultures. With a distinctive brand of the times. The formulation of this enforcement law not only took into account the existing civil execution laws and regulations from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, but also drew lessons from and absorbed the civil litigation and enforcement laws and regulations of other countries and regions at that time, so it has the characteristics of the times. Without losing the national tradition, the modern civil execution concept has been developed and perfected, and the modern civil execution legal system has been established. This was the result of the efforts of a group of legislative elites at that time. They returned from their studies and brought advanced legal theories, legal concepts and legislative techniques, and promoted the modernization of the Enforcement Law. The framework of the mandatory Enforcement Law was complete. The structure is rigorous, but it does not regard the execution of monetary claims as a separate chapter. Instead, it is divided into "execution of movable property" in chapter two, "execution of immovable property" in chapter three, and "execution of other property" in chapter four. These three chapters, together with chapter one, general principles and chapter five, chapter 6, the enforcement of non-pecuniary claims, and chapter 7, the enforcement of false seizure and false disposition, constitute the enforcement law with modern ideas A dialectical study and analysis of the legislative basis, legislative conditions, legislative process, and the institutional framework designed for the implementation of this law can see more clearly its successes and shortcomings. For us to enforce legislation now to provide meaningful reference.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D929;D922.1

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