裕固族环境保护习惯法研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 11:53

本文选题：裕固族 + 环境保护　；参考：《西北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对少数民族地区生态环境的不断恶化，大量的环境保护立法和普法活动并没有从根本上解决层出不穷的生态环境问题。从国家立法层面来看，与环境保护有关的法律、法规以几何数量不断增加；从法律的实际运行状况来看，国家制定法都没有得以很好实施。为了更好的保护对少数民族地区的环境，从而探究国家制定法之外的另一种法律传统——少数民族环境保护习惯法在民族地区环境保护中的作用具有现实意义。基于此，本文在法律多元理论视角下，以裕固族这一少数民族为个案，对传统裕固族环境保护法进行研究。通过查阅与裕固族有关的文献和实地调查收集丰富的研究资料发现，产生于传统游牧社会的裕固族环境保护习惯法，，是以调整民族成员的自然资源利用行为为指向，并因其特有的民族特色而在本民族内部得以继承和遵守，在民族内部成员中具有强烈的认同感和归属感，是该民族成员生态环境行为的软约束机制。但是，随着社会的变迁、国家力量在民族地区的介入，传统裕固族环境保护习惯法也因其生存土壤的变迁而不断变化，体现为“力量和脆弱性的悖论”：一方面，本民族成员对传统环境保护的核心生态伦理价值予以继承并在其生产、生活中依然发挥作用，具有较强的约束力；另一方面，随着工业化、市场化的到来，裕固族环境保护习惯法展现出对现代生活行为方式的无能为力。因此，在新的时代背景下，实现国家制定法与少数民族习惯法的调适，需要处理好法的统一性与多样性、法的民族性与国家性、法的理性化三个问题，实现国家制定法与民族习惯法之间的相互协调与良性互动：一方面，用少数民族习惯法来补充国家制定法在环保功能上的不足，奠定国家制定法得以信仰和有效运行的基础；另一方面，以国家制定法强化少数民族环境保护习惯法扩大民族环境保护习惯法在现代社会的效力范围。
[Abstract]:In the face of the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment in minority areas, a large number of environmental protection legislation and legal popularization activities have not fundamentally solved the endless ecological environment problems. From the point of view of national legislation, the number of laws and regulations related to environmental protection is increasing, and from the actual operation of the law, the national laws have not been implemented very well. In order to better protect the environment of minority areas, it is of practical significance to explore the role of customary law of minority environmental protection in the environmental protection of minority areas. Based on this, this paper studies the traditional Yugur environmental protection law from the perspective of legal pluralism theory, taking Yugur minority as an example. Through consulting the literature related to Yugur nationality and collecting abundant research materials, it is found that the customary law of Yugur's environmental protection, which originated from the traditional nomadic society, is directed towards adjusting the natural resource utilization behavior of the members of the ethnic group. Because of its unique national characteristics, it can be inherited and obeyed within its own ethnic group, and has a strong sense of identity and belonging among the members of the ethnic group, which is the soft restraint mechanism of the ecological environmental behavior of the members of the ethnic group. However, with the change of the society and the intervention of the national power in the minority areas, the traditional Yugur customary law of environmental protection is also changing because of the change of its survival soil, which is embodied in the paradox of strength and vulnerability: on the one hand, The members of this nation inherit and produce the core ecological ethical values of traditional environmental protection, and still play a role in their daily life. On the other hand, with the advent of industrialization and marketization, The customary law of Yugur's environmental protection shows the powerlessness of modern life behavior. Therefore, in the context of the new era, to realize the adjustment of the national law and the customary law of ethnic minorities, we should deal with three problems: the unity and diversity of the law, the nationality and the national character of the law, and the rationalization of the law. To realize the mutual coordination and positive interaction between the national law and the national customary law: on the one hand, to supplement the deficiency of the national law in environmental protection with the customary law of the minority nationality, and to lay the foundation for the national law to be believed and operated effectively; On the other hand, we should strengthen the customary law of minority environmental protection by the state law and expand the scope of the national environmental protection customary law in the modern society.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68;D920.0

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