浅析美国《无船承运人服务协议》

发布时间：2018-07-17 02:05

【摘要】： 随着国际贸易的不断发展,国际海上货运专业化分工的不断细化,无船承运人现在已经成为了国际海上货物运输不可或缺的主体。美国的无船承运人制度,经过了两百多年的发展,现在已经确立了相当完善如保证金制度、运价制度以及近年来确定的无船承运人服务协议制度等相关制度。 2003年底,美国联邦海事委员会启动了对《1998年美国航运改革法》的修订程序,通过了《无船承运人服务协议》(NVOCC Service Arrangement)。《无船承运人服务协议》的出台是为了解决《1998年美国航运改革法》所遗留的禁止无船承运人与托运人签订服务合同的问题。2005年,联邦海事委员会又通过了对《无船承运人服务协议》的修订案。通过以上两个法案,海事委员会规定无船承运人服务协议,是指由一个或者多个托运人与一个无船承运人或两个或更多具有关联关系的无船承运人之间订立的除提单、货物收据外的书面合同。在该协议中,托运人承诺在一个确定的期间内,提供最低数量或比例的货物或运费,而无船承运人承诺在按一定的费率或费率表确定的水平提供服务。所有的无船承运人服务协议及其修订文件应在海事委员会秘密备案。《无船承运人服务协议》的颁布赋予了无船承运人与托运人签订秘密协议的权利,即双方既可以通过公开运价表承接业务也可以通过与托运人签订服务协议来提供服务。该做法使得无船承运人与船舶经营人处于同等的竞争地位,促进了整个航运业的良性竞争。中国现在没有确立无船承运人服务协议制度,根据我国现有规定,无船承运人可以与国际船舶运输经营者订立协议运价,但是不能与货主、其他无船承运人约定协议运价。相较之美国的无船承运人服务协议制度,我国的无船承运人没有取得与船公司之间公平竞争的地位,同时也没有专门的机构来受理运价报备及服务协议备案等事宜。本文运用比较分析法,结合国际惯例对无船承运人服务协议的相关规定,对无船承运人服务协议的立法背景、内容等问题进行了较为细致的探讨,力求为完善我国无船承运人的法律制度提供一点建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of international trade and the specialization of international freight transport, NVOCC has become an indispensable part of international maritime cargo transportation. The NVOCC system in the United States, after more than 200 years of development, has now established quite perfect systems such as margin money. In late 2003, the Federal Maritime Commission of the United States initiated a procedure to amend the 1998 U.S. Shipping Reform Act, as well as related systems such as the system of freight rates and the system of service agreements for NVOCs established in recent years. The NVOCC Service Arrangement). (NVOCC Service Agreement) was adopted to resolve the problem of prohibiting NVOCC carriers from signing service contracts with shippers, which was left over by the US Shipping Reform Act of 1998. The Federal Maritime Commission also approved amendments to the non-ship carrier service agreement. Through the above two acts, the CMI provides that an agreement for the service of a NVOCC means a bill of lading concluded between one or more shippers and one or more NVOCC or two or more non-ship carriers associated with them, A written contract outside the receipt of the goods. In the agreement, the shipper undertakes to provide the minimum quantity or proportion of goods or freight for a specified period, while the NVOCC undertakes to provide services at a certain rate or at a level determined by the tariff scale. All non-ship carrier service agreements and their revised documents shall be kept in confidence by the Maritime Committee. The promulgation of the NVOCC Agreement gives NVOCC the right to enter into secret agreements with shippers, That is, both parties can provide services either through an open fare list or by signing a service agreement with the shipper. This method makes the NVOCC and the ship operator in the same competitive position, and promotes the healthy competition of the whole shipping industry. China has not established the service agreement system of NVOCC at present. According to the existing regulations of our country, NVOCC can enter into an agreed freight rate with international shipping operators, but it cannot agree on an agreed freight rate with cargo owners and other NVOCs. Compared with the service agreement system of the NVOCC in the United States, the NVOCC in our country has not obtained the status of fair competition with the shipping company, and there is no special organization to deal with the matters such as tariff filing and service agreement filing. In this paper, the author makes a detailed discussion on the legislative background and content of the service agreement of the non-ship carrier by means of comparative analysis, combined with the relevant provisions of the international convention on the service agreement of the non-ship carrier. To provide some suggestions for perfecting the legal system of NVOCC in China.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29

【相似文献】