关联理论与法庭话语
发布时间：2018-07-27 15:37
【摘要】： 本文从认知语言学角度对法庭语篇(Courtroom Discourse)进行定性分析,运用关联理论(Relevance Theory)的观点分析并解释法庭活动中的认知过程。 法律语言学作为一门边缘学科正逐渐吸引来自跨学科研究者们的注意。法庭语篇也成了研究者们的关注点。Conley(1998),O'Barr(1998),Matoesian(1994)和Maley(1994)等人都将法庭语篇作为研究重点。他们更多地是从语用和社会的角度观察研究法庭语篇。然而,很少有人从认知的角度进行研究。因此,本文尝试运用关联理论对法庭语篇从认知的角度开展研究。 以Sperber和Wilson《关联性:交际与认知》(1986/1995)一书出版为标志的关联理论是语用学研究中出现的一个新理论,该理论从认知角度在动态语境中研究交际中的会话含义。在此,笔者把艺术作品中的法庭会话作为硕士毕业论文的研究课题,阐明了关联理论的交际观在法庭话语理解中的作用,证实了关联理论交际观在法庭会话分析中的适用性和实用性。 “交际”这个概念是理解关联理论的中心与前提。Sperber和Wilson在其著作中提出关联理论的交际观,强调代码模式与推理模式的结合,指出交际是一个涉及信息意图与交际意图的明示—推理过程。从说话人角度来说,交际是一种明示过程,即把信息意图明白地展示出来,而从听话人角度来说,交际则是一个推理过程,即根据说话人的明示行为,结合语境假设,求得语境效果,获知说话人的交际意图。关联理论认为交际是一种认知活动,人们能否成功交际主要取决于交际过程中认知环境是否能够达到互明。认知环境就是人们所知道的一系列事实或假设构成的集合,而人们的认知活动是以关联为取向的。关联是一个相对的概念,受话语具有的语境效果和话语理解所需的努力的共同制约,如果能够以最小的处理努力获得足够的语境效果,那么话语就具有最佳关联性。最佳关联性是人们在话语交际中所期待得到的结果。而且,在交际中语境效果的获得是获取关联性的必要条件。在交际中,听话人必须结合语境对说话人的信息意图与交际意图进行推理,形成话语交际目的的假设。在关联理论中,语境通常被称为“语境假设”,在语言的交际过程中起重要作用。 法庭审判所形成的法庭语篇为关联理论的运用提供了一个很好的操作平台。律师机智的提问、证人的回答以及旁观者的反应都与认知机制密不可分。据此,本文选择关联理论对法庭语篇进行认知分析。关联理论运用它的操作机制帮助我们认识到法庭提问策略,为人们对法庭活动的认知提供了理论依据。关联理论与法庭语篇的结合为各自领域的研究都提供了新视角。所以,我们希望本文所做的尝试能对法律语言学研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a qualitative analysis of Courtroom Discourse from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and analyzes and interprets the cognitive process in court activities by using the view of Relevance Theory (Relevance Theory).
Legal linguistics, as an edge subject, is gradually attracting the attention of interdisciplinary researchers. Tribunal texts have also become the focus of researchers.Conley (1998), O'Barr (1998), Matoesian (1994), and Maley (1994) and others all regard the tribunal as the focus of the study. They are more from the perspective of pragmatics and society. However, few people do research from the perspective of cognition. Therefore, this paper attempts to apply relevance theory to the study of court discourse from a cognitive perspective.
The relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson<: communication and cognition (1986/1995) is a new theory in the study of pragmatics. This theory studies conversational implicature in the dynamic context from the cognitive perspective. It clarifies the role of Relevance Theory in the understanding of court discourse, and proves the applicability and practicability of relevance theory communication theory in court conversation analysis.
The concept of "communication" is the concept of communication in which the center and the premise of relevance theory and the premise.Sperber and Wilson put forward the relevance theory in his works. It emphasizes the combination of the code pattern and the reasoning model, and points out that communication is an ostensive inferential process involving the information intention and the communicative intention. From the point of view of the listener, communication is a reasoning process, that is, according to the speaker's ostensive behavior and the context hypothesis, the contextual effect is obtained and the speaker's communicative intention is obtained. The relevance theory holds that communication is a cognitive activity, and the success of communication depends mainly on communication. The cognitive environment is a set of facts or hypotheses that people know, and the cognitive activity is based on relevance. Relevance is a relative concept, the context effect and the effort required by the utterance are constrained by the context effect of the discourse, if it can be minimized. The best relevance is the result of what people expect in the communication of discourse. Moreover, the acquisition of contextual effects in communication is a necessary condition for obtaining relevance. In communication, the listener must combine the context and context to the speaker's information intention and communication. In the theory of relevance, context is usually called "context hypothesis", which plays an important role in the communication process of language.
Tribunal discourse formed by court trial provides a good operating platform for the application of relevance theory. Lawyers' witty questions, witnesses' answers and bystander responses are closely related to cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, this paper selects the relevance theory to analyze the tribunal's discourse. The relevance theory helps me with its operating mechanism. We recognize that the tribunal's questioning strategy provides a theoretical basis for people to recognize the activities of the tribunal. The combination of relevance theory and tribunal text provides a new perspective for the research in their respective fields. So, we hope that the attempt of this article will be beneficial to the study of legal linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-055;H030
本文编号：2148293
[Abstract]:This paper makes a qualitative analysis of Courtroom Discourse from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and analyzes and interprets the cognitive process in court activities by using the view of Relevance Theory (Relevance Theory).
Legal linguistics, as an edge subject, is gradually attracting the attention of interdisciplinary researchers. Tribunal texts have also become the focus of researchers.Conley (1998), O'Barr (1998), Matoesian (1994), and Maley (1994) and others all regard the tribunal as the focus of the study. They are more from the perspective of pragmatics and society. However, few people do research from the perspective of cognition. Therefore, this paper attempts to apply relevance theory to the study of court discourse from a cognitive perspective.
The relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson<: communication and cognition (1986/1995) is a new theory in the study of pragmatics. This theory studies conversational implicature in the dynamic context from the cognitive perspective. It clarifies the role of Relevance Theory in the understanding of court discourse, and proves the applicability and practicability of relevance theory communication theory in court conversation analysis.
The concept of "communication" is the concept of communication in which the center and the premise of relevance theory and the premise.Sperber and Wilson put forward the relevance theory in his works. It emphasizes the combination of the code pattern and the reasoning model, and points out that communication is an ostensive inferential process involving the information intention and the communicative intention. From the point of view of the listener, communication is a reasoning process, that is, according to the speaker's ostensive behavior and the context hypothesis, the contextual effect is obtained and the speaker's communicative intention is obtained. The relevance theory holds that communication is a cognitive activity, and the success of communication depends mainly on communication. The cognitive environment is a set of facts or hypotheses that people know, and the cognitive activity is based on relevance. Relevance is a relative concept, the context effect and the effort required by the utterance are constrained by the context effect of the discourse, if it can be minimized. The best relevance is the result of what people expect in the communication of discourse. Moreover, the acquisition of contextual effects in communication is a necessary condition for obtaining relevance. In communication, the listener must combine the context and context to the speaker's information intention and communication. In the theory of relevance, context is usually called "context hypothesis", which plays an important role in the communication process of language.
Tribunal discourse formed by court trial provides a good operating platform for the application of relevance theory. Lawyers' witty questions, witnesses' answers and bystander responses are closely related to cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, this paper selects the relevance theory to analyze the tribunal's discourse. The relevance theory helps me with its operating mechanism. We recognize that the tribunal's questioning strategy provides a theoretical basis for people to recognize the activities of the tribunal. The combination of relevance theory and tribunal text provides a new perspective for the research in their respective fields. So, we hope that the attempt of this article will be beneficial to the study of legal linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-055;H030
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 杜金榜;从法律语言的模糊性到司法结果的确定性[J];现代外语;2001年03期
2 吕万英;《法庭问答及其互动研究》评介[J];现代外语;2005年02期
3 廖美珍;;中国法庭互动话语对应结构研究[J];语言科学;2003年05期
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