乌兹别克斯坦废除死刑政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 11:25

【摘要】： 废除死刑政策是刑事政策的重要内容之一。废除死刑是世界人权发展的必然趋势,也是衡量一个国家人权状况的重要标志。国际人权法对死刑的态度经历了由放任到限制再到废除的转变。一国死刑政策的存置与废除是一个博弈的过程,废除死刑需要具备政治、经济、文化和社会等方面的可行性才能为之。乌兹别克斯坦独立前后的死刑政策存在很大差异。独立前,死刑政策沿袭苏联,苏联刑法没有将死刑列入刑罚名目,死刑只是一种非常的刑罚方法。死刑是一种权宜之计,社会主义国家对其应是限制、减少适用并创造条件逐步走向完全废除。独立后,人权状况逐步改善,对该国废除死刑进程起到了推波助澜的作用。2005年8月1日乌兹别克斯坦开始着手废除死刑,采取“分阶段废除死刑”的策略,期间采取了一系列的改革措施。具体表现在:司法和法律制度的放宽、刑罚制度自由化、防止酷刑和死刑替代措施等。2008年1月1日正式废除死刑,是全球废除死刑的第134个国家。乌兹别克斯坦废除死刑有多个方面的原因:政治上为了摆脱“安集延事件”的负面评价,与哈萨克斯坦争夺中亚的主导权;经济上为了修复美国和欧盟的关系,博得它们的援助和支持,文化上有伊斯兰人权观对生命权的珍爱;法律上为迎合联合国死刑决议;社会上有高民意的鼎力支持等。乌兹别克斯坦废除死刑与同为中亚的土库曼废除死刑在时间、条件、内容和原因上都有根本不同。乌兹别克斯坦在本国经济发展并不景气,犯罪率还比较高,民主法治还不够健全的的形势下废除死刑带有很强的工具性和功利性,这些问题不得不引起我们的思考。当然,乌兹别克斯坦废除死刑政策也具有一定的积极意义,可能对中国将来废除死刑的理论与实践会产生一定影响。
[Abstract]:The policy of abolishing the death penalty is one of the important contents of the criminal policy. Abolition of the death penalty is an inevitable trend in the development of human rights in the world and an important symbol to measure the human rights situation in a country. The attitude of international human rights law to the death penalty has changed from laissez-faire to restriction to abolition. The retention and abolition of a country's death penalty policy is a game process. Abolition of the death penalty requires political, economic, cultural and social feasibility. Before and after the independence of Uzbekistan, the death penalty policy is very different. Before independence, the policy of death penalty followed the Soviet Union. The criminal law of the Soviet Union did not include the death penalty in the title of punishment. The death penalty was only an extraordinary method of punishment. Death penalty is a kind of expedient measure, socialist country should restrict it, reduce its application and create conditions for its complete abolition. The gradual improvement in the human rights situation since independence has contributed to the process of abolition of the death penalty in the country. Uzbekistan began to abolish the death penalty on 1 August 2005 and adopted the strategy of "phasing out the death penalty", During this period, a series of reform measures were taken. On January 1, 2008, the formal abolition of the death penalty is the 134th country in the world to abolish the death penalty. Uzbekistan abolished the death penalty for a number of reasons: politically, in order to get rid of the negative evaluation of the "Andijan incident," and to compete with Kazakhstan for leadership in Central Asia; and economically, for the purpose of repairing the relations between the United States and the European Union. In order to win their assistance and support, there is a cultural view of Islamic human rights to cherish the right to life; in law to cater to the United Nations death penalty resolution; in society, there is strong support of high public opinion, and so on. The abolition of the death penalty in Uzbekistan is fundamentally different from that of Turkmenistan in Central Asia in terms of time, conditions, contents and reasons. In Uzbekistan, the economic development of Uzbekistan is not prosperous, the crime rate is relatively high, and the democratic rule of law is not sound enough to abolish the death penalty with a strong instrumental and utilitarian situation, these problems have to cause us to think. Of course, the policy of abolishing the death penalty in Uzbekistan also has certain positive significance, which may have a certain impact on the theory and practice of abolishing the death penalty in China in the future.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D936.2;DD914

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