论我国的司法解释现状和完善建议

发布时间：2018-08-18 21:41

【摘要】：研究司法解释问题对于深入研究法律解释问题具有决定性的意义,对于理顺我国各法律解释主体之间的关系,建立科学合理的法律解释具有重要意义,同时对于加快我国司法改革进程,提高法官的地位和社会声望具有推动作用。在大多数国家,法律解释总是指法官对法律的解释,一般没有司法解释一说,法律解释就是司法解释,二者通用。而中国的司法解释是由法律予以规定的,是中国的特色产物。从1981年全国人大党委会颁布的《关于加强法律解释工作的决议》到《中华人民共和国人民法院组织法》和《中华人民共和国检察院组织法》都规定,司法解释的主体是最高人民法院和最高人民检察院。本文研究的是中国的司法解释的现状和完善建议,纵观十四年来的大量的司法解释,从数量到形式上进行了详细的分析和表述,从中可以看出,最高司法机关司法解释发挥着自己独特的功能,填补法律的空白和漏洞,保持法律适用与社会发展的同步性,探求立法原意,合理限制法官的自由裁量权,保证司法公正；统一法制,统一司法尺度。在这些方面都起到了积极作用。但是司法解释的功能也摆脱不了在实践中的种种问题,出现了司法解释权超越立法权,与现代法治原则相冲突,违反法律解释的根本特征；司法解释不能满足司法实践中适用法律的要求,很难保证准确适用法律等等,这些与法制的不健全与法制的粗陋、过于原则；法律解释体制的影响；司法机关权力扩张的需要等原因息息相关。面对这种状况,为了推动司法制度的改革和完善,必然要采取相应的措施来完善司法解释体制,要从加强立法制度上解决问题,因立法机关怠于行使或者无力充分及时行使其立法权和立法解释权导致社会现实客观上存在需要司法解释的现实,因此同时要迫切需要加强立法解释工作；更重要的还是要加强司法解释的完善工作,要使司法解释合法化,内容上不做扩大或者整体意义的解释；司法解释应当在合法的原则下制定,不得超越职权,不得与法律条文的基本精神相违背。建立以个案解释为主体的司法解释模式,弱化抽象司法解释。加强司法解释形式上的统一性及规范性改善,以体现法律的严肃性和统一性。通过司法解释的完善加快司法体制改革的进程。
[Abstract]:The study of judicial interpretation is of decisive significance to the in-depth study of legal interpretation, to the straightening out of the relationship between the various subjects of legal interpretation in China, and to the establishment of a scientific and reasonable legal interpretation. In many countries, legal interpretation always refers to the interpretation of law by judges. Generally speaking, there is no judicial interpretation. Legal interpretation is judicial interpretation, which is common to both countries. Both the Organic Law of the People's Court of the People's Republic of China and the Organic Law of the Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China stipulate that the subject of judicial interpretation is the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate.
This paper studies the present situation and suggestions for perfection of China's judicial interpretation. Throughout the 14 years of extensive judicial interpretation, a detailed analysis and description are made in terms of quantity and form. It can be seen that the judicial interpretation of the highest judicial organ plays its unique role in filling the gaps and loopholes in the law and maintaining the application of law and society. It has played a positive role in these aspects. However, the function of judicial interpretation can not get rid of all kinds of problems in practice, and the power of judicial interpretation has surpassed the legislative power, and the modern rule of law has emerged. It violates the basic characteristics of legal interpretation; judicial interpretation can not meet the requirements of the applicable law in judicial practice, it is difficult to ensure the accurate application of the law and so on. These are closely related to the imperfection of the legal system and the crude and excessive principles of the legal system; the impact of the legal interpretation system; the need for the expansion of judicial authority and other reasons.
Faced with this situation, in order to promote the reform and improvement of the judicial system, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to improve the judicial interpretation system, to solve the problem from strengthening the legislative system, because the legislature is lazy in exercising or unable to fully and timely exercise its legislative power and legislative interpretation power, resulting in the objective existence of social reality and the need for judicial interpretation. The reality, therefore, urgently needs to strengthen the work of legislative interpretation; more importantly, to strengthen the perfection of judicial interpretation, to legitimize the judicial interpretation, the content of the interpretation does not expand or the overall meaning of the interpretation; judicial interpretation should be formulated under the principle of law, not beyond the authority, not with the basic spirit of the provisions of the law. In order to embody the seriousness and unity of law, we should establish a judicial interpretation model with case interpretation as the main body, weaken the abstract judicial interpretation, strengthen the unification and standardization of judicial interpretation, and speed up the reform of judicial system through the perfection of judicial interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.4;D926

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