激进与保守之间——晚清宪政思想研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 14:18
【摘要】：1840年鸦片战争后,中国古老的传统社会在外力刺激和内力作用下,社会政治逐渐转型。洋务运动、甲午战争、戊戌变法、晚清新政、辛亥革命等一系列事件,无疑都程度不同地推动了这一过程。政治转型的重要表现及重要内容之一,便是民主政治思潮的出现与发展,其中民主宪政思潮的不断发展,成为促进晚清社会政治向近代转型的重要因素。晚清先进知识分子则是这一思潮的主导者,他们积极参与了晚清时期社会政治的改造活动,有力地推动了民主宪政运动的发展。晚清民主宪政思潮发展的一个特点是,由保守逐步趋向激进,但是在趋向激进的同时,又尽量保持一种中庸之道。分析其原因,在于深受中国传统文化熏陶的近代先进知识分子群体,尽量想在中国传统文化中找到与西方民主宪政的契合点,以便更好地移植嫁接民主宪政这一西方资本主义政治制度。由于诸多因素的影响,晚清进步知识分子群体在有关国家政治社会的改造问题上意见不一,并逐步分化为两大派别——立宪派和革命派。虽说两派在改造社会与政治的理念有所差异,但是他们所要达到的目标都是建立资产阶级民主宪政,可谓是“殊途同归”。晚清政治舞台上的三种政治势力,资产阶级立宪派、资产阶级革命派及其清王朝,各自提出了自己的宪政设计。然而在这三种政治势力的斗争产生的合力下,晚清的民主宪政思潮发展也在激进与保守之间徘徊。晚清宪政思潮的发展过程中,先进的知识分子群体无疑作出了巨大的贡献,虽说他们的民主宪政观存在诸多差异,但是他们大都主张西方资本主义制度要与中国的民族传统文化相结合,这样,民主宪政才会有自己的民族文化特征,才会有生命力。所以,他们的宪政思想也体现了异化与开新同时存在。他们的这种探索,对于我们今天建设有中国特色的社会主义民主政治,无疑具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China's ancient traditional society was gradually transformed by external and internal forces. A series of events, such as the Westernization Movement, the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty and the Revolution of 1911, undoubtedly promoted this process to varying degrees. The emergence and development of democratic political thoughts is one of the important manifestations and important contents of political transformation. The continuous development of democratic constitutional thought has become an important factor to promote the transformation from social politics to modern times in the late Qing Dynasty. The advanced intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty were the dominant ideological trend. They took an active part in the reform of social politics in the late Qing Dynasty and promoted the development of the democratic constitutional movement. One of the characteristics of the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty was that the trend of thought from conservative to radical gradually became radical, but at the same time, it maintained as much as possible a middle way. The reason for the analysis lies in the group of modern advanced intellectuals deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional culture, who want to find the fit point with the western democratic constitutionalism in the Chinese traditional culture as far as possible. In order to better transplant democratic constitutionalism, a Western capitalist political system. Due to the influence of many factors, the progressive intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty had different opinions on the reform of the national political society, and gradually divided into two major facts-the constitutionalism and the revolutionaries. Although the two schools have different ideas in reforming society and politics, their goal is to establish bourgeois democratic constitutionalism. Three political forces on the political stage of late Qing Dynasty, bourgeois constitutionalism, bourgeois revolutionaries and their Qing Dynasty, each put forward their own constitutional design. However, under the resultant force of the struggle of these three political forces, the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty also lingered between radicalism and conservatism. In the course of the development of constitutional thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the advanced intellectuals undoubtedly made great contributions, although their views on democratic constitutionalism had many differences. However, most of them advocate that the western capitalist system should be combined with the Chinese traditional culture, so that the democratic constitutionalism will have its own national cultural characteristics and vitality. Therefore, their constitutionalism thought also manifested the alienation and the opening new existence simultaneously. Their exploration is undoubtedly of great significance for us to build socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics today.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D921
本文编号：2193918
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China's ancient traditional society was gradually transformed by external and internal forces. A series of events, such as the Westernization Movement, the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty and the Revolution of 1911, undoubtedly promoted this process to varying degrees. The emergence and development of democratic political thoughts is one of the important manifestations and important contents of political transformation. The continuous development of democratic constitutional thought has become an important factor to promote the transformation from social politics to modern times in the late Qing Dynasty. The advanced intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty were the dominant ideological trend. They took an active part in the reform of social politics in the late Qing Dynasty and promoted the development of the democratic constitutional movement. One of the characteristics of the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty was that the trend of thought from conservative to radical gradually became radical, but at the same time, it maintained as much as possible a middle way. The reason for the analysis lies in the group of modern advanced intellectuals deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional culture, who want to find the fit point with the western democratic constitutionalism in the Chinese traditional culture as far as possible. In order to better transplant democratic constitutionalism, a Western capitalist political system. Due to the influence of many factors, the progressive intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty had different opinions on the reform of the national political society, and gradually divided into two major facts-the constitutionalism and the revolutionaries. Although the two schools have different ideas in reforming society and politics, their goal is to establish bourgeois democratic constitutionalism. Three political forces on the political stage of late Qing Dynasty, bourgeois constitutionalism, bourgeois revolutionaries and their Qing Dynasty, each put forward their own constitutional design. However, under the resultant force of the struggle of these three political forces, the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty also lingered between radicalism and conservatism. In the course of the development of constitutional thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the advanced intellectuals undoubtedly made great contributions, although their views on democratic constitutionalism had many differences. However, most of them advocate that the western capitalist system should be combined with the Chinese traditional culture, so that the democratic constitutionalism will have its own national cultural characteristics and vitality. Therefore, their constitutionalism thought also manifested the alienation and the opening new existence simultaneously. Their exploration is undoubtedly of great significance for us to build socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics today.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D921
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 周佳佳;从汉冶萍公司的兴衰看晚清的宪政缺失[D];西南政法大学;2012年
，本文编号：2193918
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