德沃金自由主义权利论法哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 09:01

【摘要】： 本文叙述的是德沃金的自由主义权利论,其核心是平等、自由、个人权利,在德沃金的理论中,这三者是始终如一,截然不可分的。德沃金的自由主义权利论既是在20世纪六七十年代的危机重重的美国社会历史背景下产生的,又是通过对法律实证主义和功利主义的尖锐批判中形成的；它既延续了以往自由主义权利观的主要思想,又具有自身独特的理论特点。德沃金的自由主义权利论以其原则理论纠正法律实证主义的规则模式,以其对个人权利的推崇取代功利主义的“幸福最大化”思想。同时,其理论从“个人自由观念”和“平等权”两个方面实现了对以往自由主义权利观的继承。而后,他又突出了自身理论的特点,即“自由式平等”和“自由的权利”。本文旨在通过分析德沃金的自由主义权利论法哲学思想,以其自由为起点、权利为基石、平等为重点,同时展开理论(德沃金理论)与理论(其他哲学家的理论)之间的简洁比较,对德沃金理论的特点进行介绍和评析,以期为解决我国社会所存在的实际问题找到有益启示。本文除引言部分外,主要分为四个章节。第一章,从社会基础和经济基础两方面来对德沃金自由主义权利论产生的时代背景进行介绍；第二章,从德沃金对法律实证主义、功利主义的批判和对以往自由主义权利理论的继承以及通过介绍其理论的主要内容方面来论述德沃金自由主义权利思想的特点；第三章,将德沃金与罗尔斯、诺齐克的理论进行比较分析,揭示德沃金自由主义权利思想的独特性。第四章,从我国的现状出发,找出德沃金理论对维护我国社会弱势群体利益以及加强我国公民的维权意识方面的有益启示。
[Abstract]:This paper describes Dworkin's theory of liberal rights, the core of which is equality, freedom and individual rights. In Dworkin's theory, these three theories are consistent and inseparable. Dworkin's theory of liberalism rights was not only produced under the background of the crisis of American society in 1960s and 1970s, but also formed through the sharp criticism of legal positivism and utilitarianism. It not only extends the main thought of the former liberalism view of right, but also has its own unique theoretical characteristics. Dworkin's liberalism right theory corrects the rule mode of legal positivism with its principle theory, and replaces the utilitarian "happiness maximization" thought with his praise of individual right. At the same time, his theory inherits the former liberalism view of right from two aspects: personal freedom concept and equal right. Then, he highlighted the characteristics of his own theory, that is, "free equality" and "free rights." The purpose of this paper is to analyze Dworkin's legal philosophy of liberalism on the theory of rights, and to take his freedom as the starting point, right as the cornerstone and equality as the focal point. At the same time, the brief comparison between the theory (Dworkin's theory) and the theory (other philosophers' theory) is carried out, and the characteristics of Dworkin's theory are introduced and evaluated in order to find some beneficial enlightenment for solving the practical problems existing in our society. In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the background of Dworkin's liberalism right theory from the two aspects of social foundation and economic foundation, the second chapter, from Dworkin's legal positivism, The criticism of utilitarianism, the inheritance of the former liberalism theory and the discussion of the characteristics of Dworkin's liberalism right thought by introducing the main contents of his theory. Nozick's theory is a comparative analysis to reveal the uniqueness of Dworkin's liberal right thought. The fourth chapter, from the present situation of our country, finds out the beneficial enlightenment of Dworkin's theory on safeguarding the interests of the disadvantaged groups in our society and strengthening our citizens' awareness of protecting their rights.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90

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