澳大利亚自然人流动法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 16:57

【摘要】： 服务贸易的四种提供方式分别是跨境交付、境外消费、商业存在和自然人流动,其中自然人流动是指一成员的服务提供者以自然人的身份短期到另一成员国境内提供服务。自然人流动不仅使自然人本身获益,而且给各国带来了经济效益和人才效益,与移民制度相比,更具有灵活性。但在自然人流动制度显示出强劲发展潜力的同时,其承诺水平低、立法缺失、管理混乱、市场准入过于严格等一系列问题,也对各国现行立法和实践提出了新的挑战。人少资源多的国情使澳大利亚成为了自然人流动的主导者,而人多资源少的国情使中国成为了澳大利亚的重要劳务输入国。澳大利亚对GATS的承诺仅限于经理、高级管理人员、服务销售者和专家,为了保护本国国民的就业,在市场准入、签证制度、出入境管理及劳动力市场需求测试等制度上对外籍劳工设置严格壁垒,导致外籍劳工入境面临重重障碍,因此,研究澳大利亚自然人流动制度的内涵、外延、管理机构、立法现状及澳大利亚参与缔结的与自然人流动有关的FTA协议,以期为外籍劳工入境澳大利亚提供指南。我国的自然人流动发展缓慢,尚未制定一部关于对外劳务的专门法律法规,并且没有专门的管理机构,对外劳务合作市场混乱,借鉴澳大利亚的相关经验,尽快建立和完善我国的自然人流动法律制度。目前,中国与澳大利亚的第14轮FTA谈判就服务贸易展开了磋商,双方即将就自然人流动展开深入谈判,因此,建议中国政府利用双边谈判的机会,争取让澳方降低市场准入要求,扩大对我国的承诺水平。
[Abstract]:The four modes of service trade are cross-border delivery, overseas consumption, commercial presence and movement of natural persons, in which the service provider of a member provides services to the territory of another member State in a short period of time as a natural person. The movement of natural persons not only benefits the natural persons themselves, but also brings economic benefits and talent benefits to all countries, which is more flexible than the immigration system. However, while the system of movement of natural persons shows strong development potential, its low level of commitment, lack of legislation, confusion of management, too strict market access and so on, also pose new challenges to the current legislation and practice of various countries. The situation of fewer people and more resources makes Australia become the dominant movement of natural persons, while the situation of more people with less resources makes China become an important labor import country of Australia. Australia's commitment to GATS is limited to managers, senior managers, service providers and experts, in order to protect the employment of their nationals in the market access, visa system, The entry and exit management and labor market demand testing system set up strict barriers to foreign workers, which led to the entry of foreign workers face a lot of obstacles. Therefore, the study of Australia's natural person movement system connotation, extension, management agencies, The current status of legislation and the FTA Agreement relating to the movement of natural persons concluded by Australia are intended to provide guidelines for the entry of foreign workers into Australia. The movement of natural persons in our country has developed slowly, and has not yet formulated a special law and regulations on foreign labor services, and there is no special administrative body, the foreign labor cooperation market is chaotic, and draw lessons from the relevant experience of Australia. Establish and perfect the legal system of the movement of natural persons as soon as possible. At present, the 14th round of FTA negotiations between China and Australia has begun consultations on trade in services, and the two sides are about to launch in-depth negotiations on the movement of natural persons. Therefore, it is suggested that the Chinese government take advantage of the opportunity of bilateral negotiations. Strive to allow Australia to lower market access requirements and expand the level of commitment to China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D961.1;F752.68

【相似文献】