美国刑事法中的能力减弱辩护制度及其启示

发布时间：2018-09-07 15:05

【摘要】：美国刑事法中的能力减弱辩护制度是基于被告人患有精神病或存在精神缺陷而否定犯罪成立要件中的犯意要素,从而达到否定指控的罪名或减轻罪责目的的辩护制度。虽然对于该辩护制度的存废无论是理论界还是司法实务界均存在一些争议,但该制度目前仍被美国部分州法院适用。能力减弱辩护一般于开庭审理前由被告方向法院提出,同时需要提交被告人患有精神病或存在精神缺陷的证据。在庭审的过程中一般由被告方对其能力减弱的事实承担证明责任,由事实裁判者裁定被告人患有的精神病或存在的精神缺陷是否影响到其被指控的犯罪所需的特定犯意的形成,并作出其是否构成被指控的犯罪以及应否减轻其刑事责任的判决。美国刑事法中的能力减弱辩护制度具有一定的合理性,对完善我国相关的辩护制度不乏启示意义。
[Abstract]:The defensible defense system in American criminal law is based on the defendant suffering from mental illness or mental defect, which negates the elements of criminal intent in the essential elements of the crime, thus achieving the purpose of denying the charge or mitigating the criminal responsibility. Although there are some controversies about the preservation and abolition of the defense system, whether in theory or in judicial practice, the system is still applied by some American state courts. The defensible defence is usually presented to the court by the defendant before the trial, and evidence of the defendant's mental illness or mental impairment is required. In the course of the trial, it is generally for the defence to bear the burden of proof of the weakened fact, and it is for the fact judge to determine whether the mental illness or mental defect of the defendant affects the formation of the specific criminal intent required for the alleged crime, And make a judgment as to whether it constitutes the alleged offence and whether or not its criminal liability should be mitigated. It is reasonable to weaken the defense system in American criminal law, and it is instructive to perfect the related defense system in our country.
【作者单位】：湘潭大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金资助项目(11BFX114)
【分类号】：D925.2;D971.2

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