韩非法律思想研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 21:08

【摘要】： 韩非作为法家的代表人物,融“法”、“术”和“势”为一炉,开创性地完成了法律的体系化和理论化的历史使命。他的法律思想改变了法律散乱不堪、缺乏理论深度的历史现状,树立了全新的“以法为本”的治国理念,对后世封建皇权产生了深远的影响。研究韩非的法律思想不仅有助于深入了解其法律思想本身,还有助于了解整个中国古代的法律思想,为目前的法治现代化建设寻找更多的民族传统。从整体上说,本文主要分为三个部分：第一部分,韩非法律思想的理论基础。这部分主要从两个方面展开的,分别是：(1)人性论。休谟曾经说过人性是一切科学的逻辑起点和逻辑归宿。韩非关于人性的思想直接影响到其法律思想的构建。(2)历史观。社会存在决定社会意识,社会意识反映社会存在。韩非生活的历史时代将决定其产生什么样的法律思想。第二部分,韩非法律思想的内容。这部分主要从四个方面展开的,分别是：(1)“禁暴止乱”的国家起源论。客观上说,韩非关于国家起源的观点是有其历史局限性,但是其进步意义是不言而喻的。(2)“以法为本”的“法治”理论。韩非非常重视“法治”,认为君主只有依靠法律才能把国家治理的好,人民才能安居乐业,君主也只有通过“法治”,才能牢牢地把皇权控制在手中。(3)“轻刑伤民”的重刑说。韩非认为轻刑不能达到抑制犯罪的目的,是对人民的伤害。相反,严刑峻法可以达到抑制犯罪的目的,能保护人民免遭刑罚,维护了人民的利益。(4)“法”、“术”、“势”相结合的理论。韩非将“法”、“术”、“势”三者融为一炉,这是其法律思想的重要特征。要研究韩非的法律思想,就必须要把“法”、“术”、“势”作为一个整体来研究。第三部分,韩非法律思想的评价。韩非的法律思想众采百家,使法律思想更体系化,丰富了封建君主的统治方法,同时也丰富了中国古代的法律文明。但韩非法律思想也具有历史局限性。秦始皇在韩非法律思想的影响下,任法而施,变法治为罚治,加速了秦朝的灭亡。而且韩非的思想过于注重功利,淡化仁义。他还认为人民群众的心智是不全的,犹如婴儿,严重贬低了人民群众的智慧和力量。韩非的思想对后世也产生了深远的影响,为后世的王朝正统法律思想的形成起到了重要的作用。中华民族的法律建设,需要我们研究和挖掘传统法律文化的精华,对建立和完善中国法律制度做出有益探讨。
[Abstract]:Han Fei, as a representative figure of Legalists, melts "Law", "skill" and "potential" into a furnace, and has accomplished the historical mission of systematization and theorization of law. His legal thought changed the legal disorder, lacked the theoretical depth of the historical status quo, set up a new "law-based" concept of governing the country, and had a profound impact on the feudal imperial power of later generations. The study of Han Fei's legal thought is not only helpful to understand its legal thought itself, but also to understand the whole ancient Chinese legal thought, and to find more national traditions for the modernization of the rule of law. On the whole, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part, the theoretical basis of Han Fei's legal thought. This part is mainly from two aspects, respectively: (1) the theory of human nature. Hume once said that human nature is the logical starting point and logical destination of all science. Han Fei's thought on human nature has a direct influence on the construction of his legal thought. (2) Historical view. Social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reflects social existence. The historical age of Han Fei's life will determine what kind of legal thought it produces. The second part is the content of Han Fei's legal thought. This part mainly starts from four aspects, namely: (1) the theory of state origin. Objectively speaking, Han Fei's view on the origin of a country has its historical limitations, but its progressive significance is self-evident. (2) the theory of "rule of law" based on law. Han Fei attached great importance to the "rule of law", believing that the monarch can only rely on the law to govern the country well, the people can live and work in peace and contentment, and only through the "rule of law" can the monarch firmly control the imperial power in his hands. (3) the heavy punishment of "lightly punishing the people" says. Han Fei believes that light punishment can not achieve the purpose of restraining crime, it is harm to the people. On the contrary, severe punishment can achieve the purpose of restraining crime, protecting people from punishment and safeguarding the interests of the people. (4) the theory of combining "law", "skill" and "power". Han Fei melts "Law", "skill" and "potential" into a furnace, which is an important feature of his legal thought. To study Han Fei's legal thought, we must study "Law", "skill" and "potential" as a whole. The third part is the evaluation of Han Fei's legal thought. Han Fei's legal thought was chosen from a hundred schools, which made the legal thought more systematic and enriched the ruling method of feudal monarch as well as the legal civilization of ancient China. But Han Fei's legal thought also has historical limitation. Under the influence of Han Fei's legal thought, Qin Shihuang changed the rule of law into punishment and accelerated the death of Qin Dynasty. And Han Fei's thought pays too much attention to utilitarianism, desalination benevolence and righteousness. He also believes that the mind of the masses is incomplete, like a baby, seriously belittling the wisdom and strength of the masses. Han Fei's thought had a profound influence on later generations, and played an important role in the formation of dynastic orthodox legal thought. The legal construction of the Chinese nation needs us to study and excavate the essence of the traditional legal culture and make a beneficial discussion on the establishment and perfection of the Chinese legal system.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909.2

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