格劳秀斯的自然财产权理论

发布时间：2018-10-05 12:40

【摘要】：格劳秀斯在其作品中第一次系统地阐述了近代自然法理论。同时,作为第一位现代权利理论家,最早提出了自然财产权理论:他认为原始共有财产权及从中发展出的私有财产权都是每个人所享有的自然权利。而私有财产权的产生则是基于人类明示或默示的普遍同意。并指出私有财产权固有的排他性与综合性特征。而且,格劳秀斯进一步指出,财产权作为每个人享有的一种自然权利,还应包括在极端紧迫的情况下每个人享有利用物品的必需权。并且这种必需权作为财产权制度的一个必要限制是不能予以剥夺的。但是,由于未能看到正当地使用物品的自然财产权利并不包括对他人人身的使用,所以,格劳秀斯被引向接受奴隶制度的自然性。因而使自我保存的基本权利尤其是必需权失去了其主要意义。
[Abstract]:Grotius, for the first time, systematically expounds the modern theory of natural law in his works. At the same time, as the first modern rights theorist, he first put forward the theory of natural property right: he thinks that the original common property right and the private property right developed from it are all natural rights enjoyed by everyone. The emergence of private property rights is based on human explicit or implied general agreement. It also points out the inherent exclusiveness and comprehensiveness of private property rights. Moreover, Grotius further stated that property rights, as a natural right enjoyed by everyone, should include the right of every person to have access to goods in extremely urgent circumstances. And this necessary right as a necessary restriction of property right system can not be deprived. However, because he failed to see that the right to natural property for the proper use of goods did not include the use of other persons, Grotius was led to accept the naturalness of slavery. As a result, the basic right of self-preservation, especially the right of necessity, has lost its main significance.
【作者单位】：上海海事大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(11YJA820076) 上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目(2011BFX006) 上海市教育委员会科技创新重点项目(12ZS138)
【分类号】：D909.1

【参考文献】