气候变化背景下美国低碳农业法律制度及其启示

发布时间：2018-10-24 08:22

【摘要】：随着全球气候变暖不断加剧，控制碳排放成为各国的共识，积极发展低碳经济，其中农业的碳减排也是一个非常重要的方面。发展低碳农业不仅仅可以降低温室气体排放，还能够提高粮食产量，保障粮食安全。当前中国低碳农业发展才刚刚起步，还存在很多问题，，需要借鉴发达国家的成熟经验，而作为世界经济霸主的美国，凭借其系统而详尽的法律体系、雄厚的资金、先进的技术为其农业的发展提供了有力支撑，在低碳农业方面处于世界领先地位。因此，研究美国低碳农业法律规制对于改善我国传统农业，增强我国农业的国际竞争力具有现实意义。本文分为四个部分来对气候变化背景下美国低碳农业法律规制及其启示进行论述。第一章主要分析了高耗能基础上农业与气候变化的关系,指出农业与气候变化两者的影响是相互的，并非单方面的只有气候变化会导致农业发展危机,农业生产中的碳排放也是引起气候变化的大碳源，由此引出我国发展低碳农业的必要性。第二章主要分析气候变化背景下美国低碳农业法律体系的构建与发展，该部分包括美国低碳农业立法动因、法律体系演进以及低碳农业的特征。第三章是本文的主体部分，研究了美国低碳农业法律制度，分别从农业补贴、税收激励、杀虫剂规制、资源保护四个层面加以论述，显示了其农业政策的优越性。第四章在分析我国低碳农业法律构建现状以及立法缺陷的基础上，提出构建我国低碳农业的有效措施与对策。
[Abstract]:With the increasing global warming, controlling carbon emissions has become the consensus of all countries, and actively developing low-carbon economy, among which carbon emission reduction in agriculture is also a very important aspect. Developing low-carbon agriculture can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also increase grain production and ensure food security. At present, the development of low-carbon agriculture in China is just beginning, and there are still many problems. We need to learn from the mature experience of developed countries. The United States, as the world economic hegemon, relies on its systematic and detailed legal system and abundant funds. Advanced technology provides strong support for the development of its agriculture, leading the world in low-carbon agriculture. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the legal regulation of low-carbon agriculture in the United States for improving our traditional agriculture and enhancing the international competitiveness of our agriculture. This paper is divided into four parts to discuss the legal regulation and enlightenment of low-carbon agriculture in the United States under the background of climate change. The first chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between agriculture and climate change on the basis of high energy consumption, and points out that the impacts of agriculture and climate change are mutual, and climate change is not the only one that will lead to an agricultural development crisis. Carbon emission from agricultural production is also a large carbon source that causes climate change, which leads to the necessity of developing low-carbon agriculture in China. The second chapter mainly analyzes the construction and development of American low-carbon agriculture legal system under the background of climate change, which includes the legislative motivation, the evolution of the legal system and the characteristics of low-carbon agriculture in the United States. The third chapter is the main part of this paper, the study of low-carbon agricultural legal system in the United States, respectively from the agricultural subsidies, tax incentives, pesticide regulation, resource protection four levels to discuss, showing the advantages of its agricultural policy. On the basis of analyzing the current situation and legislative defects of low-carbon agriculture in China, the fourth chapter puts forward the effective measures and countermeasures to construct low-carbon agriculture in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.4

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