《上海地方审判厅司法实记》中的民事案例浅析

发布时间：2018-10-25 08:34

【摘要】： 本文的主要研究文献是民国元年由黄庆澜编辑出版的判例期刊——《上海地方审判厅司法实记》(后简称《司法实记》),其中辑录了上海初级审判厅和地方审判厅审理地方民、刑事案件而做出的裁判文书,包括判词和批词,涉讼案件标的繁多,种类复杂。《司法实记》仅于民国元年,即1912年出版,共8期,每期分成4部分,按照“地方厅民、刑事判词”、“初级厅民、刑事判词”、“地方厅民、刑事批词”、“初级厅民、刑事批词”的顺序辑录各种文书。笔者所研究的对象是其中的民事案件,包括地方厅和初级厅的民事判词和批词,希望能在对具体文本内容的研究过程中,对法官的判决理由和心理诉求进行一定的探讨。本文正文分为四章。第一章总体介绍《司法实记》的由来和价值,从编者黄庆澜的生平、历史背景、案件形式等几个方面,对《司法实记》中的判词和批词做一个概括的评述,并表明笔者的研究范围和研究方法以及基本立足点。第二章具体介绍《司法实记》中的民事判词,先从案件数量上进行统计和归纳,得出总体印象,再按照田宅、钱债、户婚、继承、其他的分类标准将案件归类,用例证的方法逐一进行案件内容特征和法官判案心理的探讨。第三章中,笔者着力探讨了《司法实记》中的法源问题,先是对法源的涵义进行理论上的解析,然后根据统计,按照法律、习惯、条理的顺序对《司法实记》中所涉及的法源分别进行了阐述,辅之以一个个案例的证实,力图做到准确、详实。第四章中,笔者为使研究的成果深入化和理论化,将探讨的重点上升到法官的法律意识和价值诉求上来,从法官的人选素质角度入手,结合《司法实记》的裁判文书中体现的各种判案原则,如契约自由、诚实信用、调处息讼等,试图探寻出法官在引进各种西方近代化的司法精神的同时,其内心深处有怎样的心理预期和价值诉求,从而更好地理解法官审判案件的意图和目标。本文研究的基本材料是《司法实记》,其所具有的时代特征是其特殊研究价值的关键之处,因此,在直接的内容整理之外,仍有必要参酌关于清末民初司法制度的各种研究成果,结合时代发展的源流承启,探讨中国特定时期各种司法审判制度的出现、变迁和消亡。由此,本文中对比的方法是在诠释法之外的另一重要方法。本文研究的根本目的是“鉴往知来”,即希望将清末民初的司法审判状况与今天仍在进行的司法改革相映照,吸取教训,借鉴优点,从而对司法实践进行更好的指导。
[Abstract]:The main research document of this paper is the case journal published by Huang Qinglan in the first year of the Republic of China, "the actual Records of Justice in Shanghai Local judgment Hall" (hereafter referred to as "Judicial Records"), which is a compilation of the trial of local people by the Shanghai Primary Court and the local courtroom. The adjudicative documents made in criminal cases, including judgments and judgments, involved a wide variety of subjects and complicated types of cases. [judicial record] was published only in the first year of the Republic of China, that is, in 1912, and was published in eight issues, each of which was divided into four parts, according to "the local people," "Criminal judgment", "junior parlour, criminal judgment", "local magistrate, criminal criticism", "junior hall, criminal criticism" in the order of various documents. The object of my research is the civil cases, including the local and primary offices of the civil judgment and criticism, hoping that in the specific text of the content of the research process, the judge's reasons for judgment and psychological appeal to a certain extent. The text of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter gives a general introduction to the origin and value of the judicial record, and makes a general comment on the judgment and criticism of the judicial record from the aspects of the editor Huang Qinglan's life, historical background, case form, and so on. It also shows the author's research scope, research method and basic foothold. The second chapter specifically introduces the civil judgments in the "actual Records of Justice", first from the statistics and induction of the number of cases, to get the overall impression, then according to the field house, money debt, household marriage, inheritance, other classification criteria will be classified cases, The method of illustration is used to discuss the characteristics of the case content and the judge's judgment psychology one by one. In the third chapter, the author makes great efforts to discuss the source of law in the Book of Judicial Records. First, the author analyzes the meaning of the source of law theoretically, then according to statistics, according to the law, habits, In the order of order, the author expounds the sources of law involved in the record of Judicial practice, which is supported by the confirmation of one case, and tries to be accurate and detailed. In the fourth chapter, in order to deepen and theorize the research results, the author raises the focus of the discussion to the judges' legal consciousness and value demand, starting from the judge's candidate's quality. Combined with the principles of adjudication embodied in the judicial documents, such as freedom of contract, good faith, mediation of interest and litigation, this paper tries to find out that the judge is introducing various kinds of western modern judicial spirit at the same time. What kind of psychological expectation and value demand exist in its inner heart, so as to better understand the intention and goal of judge trial cases. The basic material studied in this paper is "Judicial Records", whose characteristics of the times are the key points of its special research value. Therefore, in addition to the direct content arrangement, it is still necessary to take into account the various research results on the judicial system in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. This paper probes into the emergence, vicissitude and extinction of various judicial systems in the specific period of China. Therefore, the method of contrast in this paper is another important method in addition to hermeneutics. The basic purpose of this study is to "discern knowledge", that is to say, it is hoped that the judicial trial situation in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China will be reflected with the judicial reform still under way today, draw lessons and draw lessons from the advantages, so as to better guide the judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929

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