战略环境影响评价立法比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 13:26

【摘要】： 战略环境影响评价是环境影响评价在立法、政策、计划和规划层次上的应用,是对一项立法、政策、计划或规划及其替代方案的环境影响进行正式的、系统的、综合的评价过程,最后就评价的结论准备一份书面报告,并将评价结论应用于政府决策中。战略环境影响评价可以弥补建设项目环境影响评价的缺陷、帮助实现政府决策的科学化和民主化、实现经济和社会的可持续发展。战略环境影响评价制度的立法始于美国1969年《国家环境政策法》。随着可持续发展理念的推广,各国环境问题日益严重以及建设项目环境影响评价制度的局限性凸显,很多国家和地区开始重视战略环境影响评价制度,并将其纳入法律体系。我国大陆地区战略环境影响评价立法起步较晚,仅将战略环境影响评价定位在规划层次,与全面的战略环境影响评价还有相当大的距离。借鉴其他国家和地区战略环境影响评价的经验,完善我国的战略环境影响评价制度,在贯彻落实科学发展观的今天十分重要。由于政治体制、法律传统的差异,美国、加拿大、欧盟和我国台湾地区的战略环境影响评价立法也有所不同,主要体现在战略环境影响评价制度的几个重要的要素——评价对象、参与主体、评价程序和评价报告书的内容上的差异。寻求差异存在的原因和导致的不同的实施效果,可以为我国立法提供一些思路和借鉴。进行战略环境评价比较研究的落脚点则是为中国的战略环境评价制度立法提供思路和借鉴。通过比较分析,我国未来的战略环境影响评价制度可以从以下方面改进:在评价对象方面,逐步将战略环境影响评价对象由规划扩展到立法、政策、规划和计划;在参与主体方面,加强法院监督和公众监督在战略环境影响评价中的作用;在程序方面,可以针对立法、政策的特殊性,将对立法、政策环境影响评价程序与规划、计划区别对待,以更加灵活的程序进行;报告书的内容方面,应当引进可替代方案的内容。
[Abstract]:Strategic environmental impact assessment is the application of environmental impact assessment at the legislative, policy, planning and planning levels. It is formal and systematic in relation to the environmental impact of a legislation, policy, plan or plan and its alternatives. Finally, a written report on the conclusions of the evaluation is prepared and applied to government decision-making. Strategic environmental impact assessment can make up for the defects of environmental impact assessment of construction projects, help to realize the scientific and democratic decision-making of government, and realize the sustainable development of economy and society. The legislation of strategic environmental impact assessment system began with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 in the United States. With the promotion of the concept of sustainable development, environmental problems become increasingly serious in various countries and the limitations of environmental impact assessment system of construction projects are highlighted. Many countries and regions begin to attach importance to the strategic environmental impact assessment system and incorporate it into the legal system. The legislation of strategic environmental impact assessment (EIA) in mainland China started relatively late, and only strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA) is located at the planning level, which is far from the comprehensive strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA). It is very important to use the experience of other countries and regions for reference and perfect the system of strategic environmental impact assessment in our country. Due to differences in political systems and legal traditions, the legislation on strategic environmental impact assessment in the United States, Canada, the European Union and Taiwan is also different. It is mainly reflected in the differences of several important elements of the strategic environmental impact assessment system, namely, the evaluation object, the main body involved, the evaluation procedure and the content of the evaluation report. Seeking the reasons for the differences and the different implementation effects can provide some ideas and lessons for our legislation. The conclusion of comparative study of strategic environmental assessment is to provide ideas and references for the legislation of strategic environmental assessment system in China. Through comparative analysis, our country's future strategic environmental impact assessment system can be improved from the following aspects: in terms of evaluation objects, the strategic environmental impact assessment objects should be gradually extended from planning to legislation, policy, planning and planning; Strengthen the role of court supervision and public supervision in strategic environmental impact assessment; In the aspect of procedure, according to the particularity of legislation and policy, the procedure and planning of legislation and policy environmental impact assessment will be planned and treated differently with more flexible procedures; In terms of the contents of the report, the contents of alternative schemes should be introduced.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2

【引证文献】