韩国宪法法院审判权的理论与实践解读

发布时间：2018-11-14 20:39

【摘要】： 随着现代社会的发展,司法对行政权的干预程度在很大程度上反映了一个国家的法治化进程,在正处于高速发展的社会主义现代化中国,随着入世和与世界经济接轨的程度的加深,司法改革理所当然成为今后司法领域的必然趋势,其中法院审判权的扩大又成为了重中之重。作为直接维护宪法最高权益的宪法法院,它的审判权应最为权威,并且对国家与社会的影响至为深远,因此分析其他国家宪法法院的审判权可以为我国今后的司法改革提供重要的借鉴和帮助,也为依法行政和人权保护提供更深层次的保障。韩国作为我们一衣带水的邻邦在近现代的司法改革中取得了重大的成就,由于其地缘条件和社会条件与我们国家的相似性,使其受到我们的关注程度较其他非宪法传统国家要强许多。尤其是近年发生于韩国国内的许多值得深刻讨论的宪法大案反映出的问题更是诸多宪法学者研讨的重要课题。韩国宪法法院制度是后发达国家建立有效的宪法监督模式的典范,审判权是其宪法法院制度的核心内容。要了解韩国宪法法院的审判权就必须要了解韩国宪法法院的历史发展和运行机制,由此才可以更加细致的了解韩国宪法法院审判权限及其现状,厘清优缺点,为我国现代法制建设提供宝贵经验。本文力求在内部机制与功能方面说明宪法法院审判权的作用,再通过结合案例说明韩国宪法法院审判权不仅对韩国社会及个人具有保障的作用,而且对行政权、立法权和司法权也起到了约束的作用,这些都对树立宪法最高权威性产生了重大的影响和作用。本文首先通过介绍韩国宪法法院建立的历史背景、现行组织体系及宪法法院的功能和地位来引出韩国宪法法院的五个审判权,即违宪法律审判权、弹劾审判权、政党解散审判权、国家机构间权限争议审判权、宪法诉愿审判权;然后,在宏观上,从分析韩国宪法法院审判权运行的规则入手,总结了韩国宪法法院审判权的地位和功能及其在社会发展中所起到的作用;最后,在微观上,通过具体介绍韩国著名的案例来分别评析韩国宪法法院的审判权,包括宪法法院这几项审判权起到的积极作用和存在的问题。本文或许对于尚处在起步阶段的我国违宪审查制度建设而言,具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。旨在通过对韩国宪法法院审判权的介绍和研究使读者了解其优点和存在的问题,为我国将来的司法改革提供一些经验,对维护我国宪法的权威性和功能性提供合理建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern society, the degree of judicial intervention in administrative power reflects to a great extent the process of ruling by law in a country. With the entry into WTO and the deepening of the connection with the world economy, the judicial reform has become the inevitable trend in the judicial field in the future, in which the expansion of the court jurisdiction has become the most important. As a constitutional court that directly upholds the supreme rights and interests of the Constitution, it should have the most authoritative jurisdiction and far-reaching influence on the country and society. Therefore, the analysis of the jurisdiction of the constitutional courts in other countries can provide important reference and help for the future judicial reform in our country, and also provide a deeper level of protection for the administration of law and the protection of human rights. South Korea, as our neighboring country, has made great achievements in the modern judicial reform, because of its geographical and social conditions, which are similar to our country. It has attracted much more attention than other unconstitutional countries. Especially in recent years, many constitutional cases in South Korea, which are worth discussing deeply, reflect the problems that many constitutional scholars have discussed. The Korean Constitutional Court system is a model for the post-developed countries to establish an effective constitutional supervision model, and the judicial power is the core content of its constitutional court system. In order to understand the jurisdiction of the Korean Constitutional Court, we must understand the historical development and operation mechanism of the Korean Constitutional Court, so that we can have a more detailed understanding of the jurisdiction of the Korean Constitutional Court and its present situation, and clarify its advantages and disadvantages. To provide valuable experience for the construction of modern legal system in China. This paper tries to explain the role of the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court in the aspect of internal mechanism and function, and through the case study, it shows that the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea not only has the function of safeguarding the Korean society and individuals, but also the administrative power. Legislative power and judicial power also play a binding role, which have a great impact on the establishment of the highest authority of the Constitution. This paper first introduces the historical background of the establishment of the Korean Constitutional Court, the current organizational system and the functions and status of the Constitutional Court to draw out the five jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea, namely, the jurisdiction of violating the Constitution and the power of impeachment. Judicial power of dissolution of political parties, jurisdiction of disputes between state agencies and jurisdiction of constitutional appeals; Then, from the macro point of view, the author summarizes the position and function of the judicial power of the Korean Constitutional Court and its role in the development of society by analyzing the rules of the operation of the jurisdiction of the Korean Constitutional Court. Finally, on the micro level, the author analyzes the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea, including the positive role and the existing problems of the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Korea by introducing the famous case of Korea. This paper may have some enlightening and referential significance for the construction of unconstitutional review system in our country which is still in its infancy. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the judicial power of the Korean Constitutional Court to make readers understand its advantages and problems, to provide some experience for the future judicial reform of our country, and to provide reasonable suggestions for maintaining the authority and function of the constitution of our country.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D931.3;DD911

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