美国对人民币汇率偏差指控法律依据之明辨——评美国《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》

发布时间：2018-11-16 19:47

【摘要】：代表美国对人民币汇率新一轮进攻狂潮的《2011年货币汇率监督改革法案》舍弃汇率操纵,而倚重汇率偏差,并将汇率偏差等同于出口补贴或倾销。但是,在现有国际法律制度中,汇率事项由《国际货币基金组织协定》及其授权的国际货币基金组织辖制,除复汇率之外的汇率事项并不属世界贸易组织规则调整的范畴。因此,衡量汇率偏差合法与否应依据《国际货币基金组织协定》的相关规定。然而《国际货币基金组织协定》并没有涉及汇率偏差的规定,2007年国际货币基金组织通过的《对会员国政策双边监督的决议》虽然对汇率偏差有所规定,但不具有法律约束力,因此,美国对人民币的汇率偏差指控实际上是缺乏法律依据的。美国将汇率偏差等同于出口补贴或倾销的主张,也因汇率偏差指控不能获得国际法律制度的支持而尽失根基,实际上是让中国遵守超越国际规则的美国国内法。
[Abstract]:The "Exchange rate Supervision Reform Act of 2011", which represents a new attack on the RMB exchange rate by the United States, gives up currency manipulation and relies heavily on exchange rate bias, and equates it with export subsidies or dumping. However, in the current international legal system, exchange rate matters are governed by the IMF Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) authorized by the IMF. Exchange rate matters other than complex exchange rates do not fall within the scope of adjustment of WTO rules. Therefore, the legitimacy of exchange rate deviations should be measured in accordance with the relevant provisions of the IMF Agreement. However, the IMF Agreement does not deal with exchange rate deviations. The Resolution on bilateral Supervision of policies of member States, adopted by the IMF in 2007, provides for exchange rate deviations, but is not legally binding. Therefore, the United States against the RMB exchange rate bias charges are in fact lack of legal basis. The claim that the United States equates exchange rate deviation with export subsidies or dumping has also lost its foundation because of the charge of exchange rate bias that cannot be supported by the international legal system. In fact, it is to make China abide by the domestic law of the United States which transcends international rules.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金资助项目(08AJY013)
【分类号】：D971.2;D912.28

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