论德国刑事诉讼中直接言词原则的理论范畴

发布时间：2018-12-18 01:24

【摘要】：刑事诉讼中的直接言词原则在德国完成信条学上的理论构建,有确定的理论范畴。直接审理原则的理论范畴包含着形式的直接审理原则和实质的直接审理原则。被告人、证人是否出庭不是直接言词原则所要求的本质内容,真正决定是否以直接言词的方式审判的是诉讼主体能否以"生动鲜活的语言"进行实时地追问和补充发言,能否在人证之上完全地、尽最大可能地、充分地展开生活细节。同时,直接言词原则也是对尽可能接近案件事实的最佳证明的要求。实质的直接原则的"实质"指的是规范方法是内在的、实质性的,其对应的是外在的、形式的、以"能表现为一定的时间和空间坐标内的行为"为规范方法的形式性规范。实质的直接审理原则在诉讼活动中的实践,并不是通过法官对证据禁止的心证进行,而是通过一般心证进行的。直接言词原则保证了基于法官个人而非所谓"基于法院"的司法独立,保障了法官作为实际的、不可替代的审判者的诉讼主体地位,避免了像欧洲几百年前的纠问式诉讼那样,庭外之人以间接和书面的方式成为实际的裁判者。
[Abstract]:The principle of direct words in criminal procedure has a definite theoretical scope. The theoretical category of the principle of direct trial includes the principle of direct trial in form and the principle of direct trial in essence. The defendant, whether or not the witness appears in court is not the essential content required by the principle of direct speech. What really decides whether or not to try in the way of direct speech is whether the main body of the proceedings can be questioned and supplemented in real time in "vivid and vivid language". Whether or not on top of the full, as far as possible, the full development of life details. At the same time, the principle of direct speech is also the best proof of as close as possible to the facts of the case. The "essence" of the direct principle of substance means that the normative method is internal and substantial, corresponding to the external and formal, and that the formal norm of "can be expressed as the behavior in a certain time and space coordinate" is the formal norm of the normative method. The practice of the principle of substantive direct trial in litigation is not carried out by the evidence prohibited by the judge, but by the general evidence. The principle of direct speech guarantees the independence of the judiciary based on the individual judge rather than the so-called "court based", guarantees the judge's status as a practical, irreplaceable judge, and avoids the kind of inquisitorial litigation that took place in Europe hundreds of years ago. A person out of court becomes an actual judge indirectly and in writing.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学刑事侦查学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“民间借贷中的经济犯罪防控对策研究”(项目编号:12BFX049)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D951.6;DD915.3

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