拉伦茨法律解释方法述评
发布时间：2019-01-05 07:54
【摘要】： 卡尔·拉伦茨(Karl Larenz,1903年～1993年)作为德国法学方法论的权威代表人物,其著名代表作《法学方法论》使他获得了经典作家的美誉,并对德国的法学理论及其法律实践产生了意义深远的影响,使德国的法学主流学派由历史法学、利益法学发展到目前兼顾法的安定性与法的时代感的新评价法学。其中,该书的核心精华理论——法律解释方法——更是自问世以来便引起了极大的反响,它不但折射出了拉伦茨的法学方法论体系中最耀眼的理论光芒,而且还具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。即使我们在今天对其进行研究,仍然不失为过。 鉴于拉伦茨的法律解释方法理论的重要地位和积极作用,本文拟将分为三章,在追根溯源地探究拉伦茨法律解释方法产生的理论背景和实践背景的基础上,不仅揭示这种方法理论包括的主要内容和自身特色,还将客观地评价该理论具有的意义和局限。 本文的第一章,主要介绍了拉伦茨法律解释方法的产生背景。如果欲研究一个理论,就必须明确它产生的理论背景和实践背景及其涉及的相关内容,这不仅是必不可少的研究路径,而且对问题的展开、探讨也极其重要。第一节将全面论述其理论背景,即从利益法学到评价法学的转向、对探求整体法秩序体系的日益关注;第二节将详细阐述其实践背景,即司法实践中填补法律漏洞的迫切需要、法官追求个案裁判的正当性的要求。 本文的第二章,详细分析了拉伦茨法律解释方法的内容和特色。第一节概述了拉伦茨法律解释方法的主要内容:字义解释,法律的意义脉络解释,历史上的立法者之规定意向、目标及规范想法解释,客观的目的论的解释,合宪性解释。第二节阐述了拉伦茨法律解释方法理论不同于其他法律解释方法理论的最大特点,即它不仅是对前人法律解释方法理论的兼容并蓄,还首次区分了法律内的法的续造和超越法律的法的续造。对于前人的相关理论的吸收和借鉴,笔者将主要例举萨维尼的“四要素解释方法”、米勒的“客观目的论”、福斯特霍夫、克里勒等人的“宪法解释”。 本文的第三章,重点讨论了拉伦茨法律解释方法的意义和局限。笔者认为,在意义方面,拉伦茨倡导的法律解释方法不仅为价值判断提供了一整套进行事后审查的标准,对实现法治社会的目标具有方法论意义;还有助于法官适用的法律由不确定性通向确定性,防止法官自由裁量权的恣意行使。但是,这种理论也存在许多局限,比如:划分的子项未能穷尽母项致使逻辑体系缺乏完备性;法益衡量的方法未使主观价值判断客观化的任务圆满实现;位阶排序过于理想化,对法官解释法律不具有普适性;缺少法律论证理论,不利于消除法律解释结果的一解和多解现象之间的矛盾。
[Abstract]:Karl Larrenz (Karl Larenz, (1903-1993) as an authoritative representative figure of German legal methodology, his famous masterpiece, Methodology of Law, earned him a reputation as a classical writer. It has a profound influence on German legal theory and legal practice, which makes the mainstream school of German jurisprudence develop from historical jurisprudence and interest jurisprudence to a new evaluation law that takes into account the stability of law and the sense of the times of law. Among them, the core theory of the book, the method of legal interpretation, has aroused a great response since its inception. It not only reflects the most dazzling theoretical light in the system of legal methodology of Larenz, And also has important theoretical and practical significance. Even if we study it today, it is still too much. In view of the important position and positive role of Larenz's legal interpretation method theory, this paper will be divided into three chapters, on the basis of tracing back to the theoretical background and practical background of Larenz's legal interpretation method. It not only reveals the main contents and characteristics of this method theory, but also objectively evaluates the significance and limitation of the theory. The first chapter mainly introduces the background of Larenz's legal interpretation. If we want to study a theory, we must make clear the theoretical background and the practical background and the related contents, which is not only an indispensable research path, but also an extremely important discussion on the development of the problem. The first section will comprehensively discuss its theoretical background, that is, the turning from the law of interests to the law of evaluation, and pay more and more attention to the system of seeking the order of law as a whole. The second section will elaborate its practice background in detail, namely the urgent need to fill the legal loophole in the judicial practice, the request that the judge pursues the justice of the case adjudication. In the second chapter, the contents and characteristics of Larenz's legal interpretation method are analyzed in detail. The first section summarizes the main contents of Larenz's legal interpretation: meaning interpretation, legal meaning interpretation, historical legislator's intention to stipulate, objective and normative idea interpretation, objective teleological interpretation, and constitutionality interpretation. In the second section, the author expounds that the theory of Larenz's method of legal interpretation is different from other theories of legal interpretation, that is, it is not only inclusive of the former theories of legal interpretation methods. For the first time, a distinction is made between the continuation of law within law and the continuation of law beyond law. For the absorption and reference of previous relevant theories, the author will mainly cite Savini's "four elements interpretation method", Hans Muller's "objective Skopos Theory", Foster Hoff, Killer and others'"Constitutional interpretation". The third chapter focuses on the significance and limitation of Larenz's legal interpretation method. The author thinks that in the aspect of meaning, the method of legal interpretation advocated by Larenz not only provides a set of standards for value judgment to be examined after the event, but also has methodological significance for the realization of the goal of a society ruled by law. It also helps the judge to apply the law from uncertainty to certainty and prevents the arbitrary exercise of the judge's discretion. However, there are many limitations in this theory, such as the lack of completeness of the logical system due to the failure to exhaust the parent items, the lack of completeness of the logical system, the failure of the method of measuring legal benefits to make the objective task of subjective value judgment come true satisfactorily. The ranking is too idealized and it is not universal for judges to interpret the law, and the lack of legal argumentation theory is not conducive to eliminating the contradiction between one-solution and multi-solution of the result of legal interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90
本文编号：2401494
[Abstract]:Karl Larrenz (Karl Larenz, (1903-1993) as an authoritative representative figure of German legal methodology, his famous masterpiece, Methodology of Law, earned him a reputation as a classical writer. It has a profound influence on German legal theory and legal practice, which makes the mainstream school of German jurisprudence develop from historical jurisprudence and interest jurisprudence to a new evaluation law that takes into account the stability of law and the sense of the times of law. Among them, the core theory of the book, the method of legal interpretation, has aroused a great response since its inception. It not only reflects the most dazzling theoretical light in the system of legal methodology of Larenz, And also has important theoretical and practical significance. Even if we study it today, it is still too much. In view of the important position and positive role of Larenz's legal interpretation method theory, this paper will be divided into three chapters, on the basis of tracing back to the theoretical background and practical background of Larenz's legal interpretation method. It not only reveals the main contents and characteristics of this method theory, but also objectively evaluates the significance and limitation of the theory. The first chapter mainly introduces the background of Larenz's legal interpretation. If we want to study a theory, we must make clear the theoretical background and the practical background and the related contents, which is not only an indispensable research path, but also an extremely important discussion on the development of the problem. The first section will comprehensively discuss its theoretical background, that is, the turning from the law of interests to the law of evaluation, and pay more and more attention to the system of seeking the order of law as a whole. The second section will elaborate its practice background in detail, namely the urgent need to fill the legal loophole in the judicial practice, the request that the judge pursues the justice of the case adjudication. In the second chapter, the contents and characteristics of Larenz's legal interpretation method are analyzed in detail. The first section summarizes the main contents of Larenz's legal interpretation: meaning interpretation, legal meaning interpretation, historical legislator's intention to stipulate, objective and normative idea interpretation, objective teleological interpretation, and constitutionality interpretation. In the second section, the author expounds that the theory of Larenz's method of legal interpretation is different from other theories of legal interpretation, that is, it is not only inclusive of the former theories of legal interpretation methods. For the first time, a distinction is made between the continuation of law within law and the continuation of law beyond law. For the absorption and reference of previous relevant theories, the author will mainly cite Savini's "four elements interpretation method", Hans Muller's "objective Skopos Theory", Foster Hoff, Killer and others'"Constitutional interpretation". The third chapter focuses on the significance and limitation of Larenz's legal interpretation method. The author thinks that in the aspect of meaning, the method of legal interpretation advocated by Larenz not only provides a set of standards for value judgment to be examined after the event, but also has methodological significance for the realization of the goal of a society ruled by law. It also helps the judge to apply the law from uncertainty to certainty and prevents the arbitrary exercise of the judge's discretion. However, there are many limitations in this theory, such as the lack of completeness of the logical system due to the failure to exhaust the parent items, the lack of completeness of the logical system, the failure of the method of measuring legal benefits to make the objective task of subjective value judgment come true satisfactorily. The ranking is too idealized and it is not universal for judges to interpret the law, and the lack of legal argumentation theory is not conducive to eliminating the contradiction between one-solution and multi-solution of the result of legal interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90
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