关于日本担保不动产收益执行制度的研究

发布时间：2019-01-07 11:29

【摘要】：20世纪90年代，日本经济经历了严重的衰退，伴随着泡沫经济的崩溃，土地等不动产的价格不断下跌，以不动产为担保从银行等金融机构获取的融资因不动产的拍卖价格过低，或者根本没有买受人出价竞买，导致抵押权无法实现，银行出现大量的不良债权，银行贷款不断缩小，经济形势十分严重。于是日本的债权人们（主要为银行等金融机构为代表）另辟蹊径，找到了一条更能保障债权回收的方法——通过对不动产的租金债权行使物上代位，经过日积月累的租金积累回收更多的担保债权，但是，在实际行使中却存在很多问题，银行依然很难达到债权回收的目的。及至2003年的日本担保法制改革创设了新的抵押权实现方式——担保不动产收益执行制度，通过强制收取担保不动产的收益来清偿被担保的债权，本文主要从担保不动产收益执行制度的创设过程、构成要件以及对该制度的评析等方面进行了介绍，最后介绍了该制度对我国担保物权的实现与发展的借鉴意义。本文共有四个部分，各部分的主要内容如下：第一部分，担保不动产收益执行制度的创设过程。这一部分主要介绍了在日本传统的抵押权实现方式，但是随着日本经济形势的变化，这些传统方式不能满足对担保债权回收的需要，于是，在担保法改革的过程中，将日本《民事执行法》中的强制管理程序准用的抵押权的实现中来，设立了担保不动产收益执行制度。第二部分，担保不动产收益执行制度的构成要件。首先该制度准用的是日本《民事执行法》第97条关于强制管理的规定，两者的构成大体一致，只是实行的依据不相同；其次以获取不动产的收益为目的对不动产进行强制管理，大体就是将不动产出租，通过收取租金的形式来清偿债权再次，在该制度中，管理人充当了一个非常重要的角色，因此要严格选任管理人，对管理人的权利和义务必须要明确；最后该制度的最终目的是清偿被担保的债权，，因此，对不动产管理的结果就是将收取的收益进行分配，最终实现抵押权。第三部分，对该制度的评析。这一部分主要介绍了担保不动产收益执行制度与租金债权的物上代位制度两者都作为抵押权的实现方式的区别，同时，介绍了该制度对抵押权实现方式的的创新，将抵押权的权能扩大到了担保不动产的使用收益价值。第四部分，担保不动产收益执行制度对我国抵押权实现与发展的借鉴意义。这一部分主要介绍了在我国引入该制度的意义以及借鉴时需要考虑的现实条件。
[Abstract]:In the 1990s, the Japanese economy experienced a severe recession. With the collapse of the bubble economy, the prices of real estate such as land kept falling, and the financing obtained from banks and other financial institutions guaranteed by real estate was too low because of the low auction price of real estate. Or no buyer bid, resulting in the mortgage can not be realized, banks appear a large number of non-performing loans, bank loans continue to shrink, the economic situation is very serious. So Japanese creditors, mainly banks and other financial institutions, found a way to better protect the recovery of claims-by subrogation of real estate rent claims. Through the accumulated rent accumulation and recovery of more secured claims, however, in practice there are many problems, banks are still very difficult to achieve the purpose of debt recovery. Until 2003, the Japanese guarantee legal system reform created a new way to realize the mortgage, which is the implementation system of the proceeds of secured real estate, which pays off the secured creditor's rights through the compulsory collection of the proceeds of secured real property. In this paper, the author introduces the process of the establishment of the system, the elements of the system and the evaluation of the system, and finally introduces the significance of the system for the realization and development of the real right of security in our country. There are four parts in this paper. The main contents of each part are as follows: the first part, the creation process of the implementation system of secured real estate proceeds. This part mainly introduces the traditional way of realizing mortgage right in Japan, but with the change of Japanese economic situation, these traditional ways can not meet the demand of the recovery of secured claims, so, in the course of the reform of security law, In this paper, the enforcement system of secured real estate proceeds is established by applying the hypothec of compulsory administrative procedure in the Civil Enforcement Law of Japan. The second part, the constituent elements of the enforcement system of secured real estate proceeds. First of all, the system is applicable to the Japanese Civil Enforcement Law, the 97 provisions on compulsory management, the composition of the two is generally the same, but the implementation of the basis is not the same; Secondly, in order to obtain the income of real estate for the purpose of compulsory management of real estate, the general is to rent the real estate, through the form of rent to pay off claims again, in this system, the administrator played a very important role, Therefore, to strictly select managers, the rights and obligations of managers must be clear; Finally, the ultimate purpose of this system is to pay off the secured creditor's rights, so the result of real estate management is to distribute the income collected and finally realize the mortgage. The third part, the analysis of the system. This part mainly introduces the difference between the implementation system of secured real estate proceeds and the subrogation system of rent and creditor's rights as the way of realizing mortgage, and at the same time, introduces the innovation of this system to the realization of mortgage. The power of mortgage is extended to the value of the use of secured real property. The fourth part, the implementation system of secured real estate proceeds for the realization and development of mortgage significance. This part mainly introduces the significance of introducing the system in China and the practical conditions to be considered.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D931.3

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