论法律职业共同体的构建

发布时间：2019-03-09 12:51

【摘要】： 一个国家的法制状况,不仅仅与法律体系的健全程度有关,更与法律操作者的水平密不可分,建立高度专业化的同一的法律职业共同体,是现代国家实现法治的基本要求和共同特征。因而对于法学研究而言,仅仅对法律制度进行探讨是不够的,还要找出人与法之间的一般规律,从而深入研究法律职业共同体的生长路径。但是,在我国,法律职业共同体的研究尚处于呼唤共同体阶段,本文试图从法律职业化与共同体形成的一般理论出发,通过对西方社会法治实践与我国法治现状的研究,来对我国法律职业共同体的构建提出一些见解。法律职业共同体是一个高度自觉,宗旨明确,以职业道德维系和以公共服务为价值观的专业集团,法律职业共同体不仅代表了从事法律职业的从业者,更重要的是代表了这一群体对法治理念的认同、诠释,以及独有的精神气质。法律职业共同体的社会功能包括三个方面:控制功能、整合功能、制衡与保障功能。西方法律职业共同体是在其特定的历史、文化和传统的延续中形成的,通过比较分析,可以看到无论是英美法系法律职业一元化的培养模式,还是大陆法系科举选拔而成的法务卡特尔组织形式,都成功的构建了各自的法律职业共同体。然而对我国来说,成功经验的借鉴并不代表简单的移植,还须根据本国特殊的“本土资源”来构思法律职业共同体的养成模式。我国社会法律职业共同体在构建进程中的困惑与矛盾中首先表现为共同体独立性的严重缺失,无法自治的共同体就失去了其成立的根基,而法律职业群体内部的相互矛盾和对立直接导致了司法腐败,职业认同感的缺失与身份保障的缺乏使得我国的法律职业共同体的构建困难重重。如果说这些只是表面现象的话,那么我国“独有”的深层次原因就是市民社会的孱弱。从解释共同体与利益共同体的存在中我们看到了构建法律职业共同体的可能性,针对我国在法律职业化方面存在的问题,可以从自治性的取得、内部关系的调整、职业保障与职业伦理的建立三个方面进行改进,以期开辟在我国构建法律职业共同体的进路。
[Abstract]:The state of the legal system in a country is closely related not only to the integrity of the legal system, but also to the level of the legal operator, and to establish a highly specialized community of legal professions. It is the basic requirement and common characteristic of the modern country to realize the rule of law. Therefore, for the study of law, it is not enough to discuss the legal system, but also to find out the general law between man and law, so as to deeply study the growth path of the legal professional community. However, in our country, the research of legal professional community is still at the stage of calling for the community. This paper attempts to start from the general theory of legal professionalization and the formation of community, through the study of the practice of rule of law in the western society and the current situation of the rule of law in our country. To put forward some opinions on the construction of the legal professional community in our country. The legal professional community is a professional group with high self-consciousness, clear purpose, maintaining professional ethics and taking public service as its values. The legal professional community not only represents the practitioners engaged in the legal profession. More importantly, it represents this group's identity, interpretation, and unique spiritual temperament to the concept of rule of law. The social function of legal professional community includes three aspects: control function, integration function, balance and safeguard function. The Western legal professional community is formed in the continuation of its specific history, culture and tradition. Through the comparative analysis, we can see that the legal profession in the Anglo-American law system is a unified training model. Or the civil law system imperial examination formed the legal cartel organization form, all have successfully constructed the respective legal profession community. However, for our country, the successful experience does not mean the simple transplantation, but also according to the national special "local resources" to conceive the formation model of the legal professional community. In the process of constructing the social and legal professional community in our country, the confusion and contradiction are firstly manifested in the serious lack of the independence of the community, and the community which cannot be self-governing has lost the foundation of its establishment. The contradiction and opposition within the legal professional group directly lead to judicial corruption. The lack of professional identity and the lack of identity guarantee make the construction of the legal professional community difficult in our country. If these are only superficial phenomena, the deep-seated reason of our country's "unique" is the weakness of the civil society. We have seen the possibility of constructing a legal professional community from the view of the existence of the explanation community and the interest community. In view of the problems existing in the legal professionalization of our country, we can obtain autonomy and adjust the internal relations. Career security and the establishment of professional ethics should be improved in order to open up the way of building a legal professional community in our country.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

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