司法解散公司的替代性措施研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 17:35

本文选题：公司僵局 + 司法解散制度　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国公司法规定的司法解散公司制度,规定股东可以请求解散公司,该制度的立法本意是为公司受损股东的权益保护提供一条司法救济途径。但是考虑到解散公司会出现一系列的负面影响,以及不排除个别股东利用司法解散制度达到个人不当目的,甚至使“司法解散制度”沦为公司股东之间利益博弈的工具等这些弊端,法院往往建议或者直接采用最有效果的替代性救济措施来解决问题。司法解散公司的替代性救济措施符合我国公司法的自治原则,尽量不要运用司法强制手段来参与公司的经营管理。公司的解散应该属于市场经济中的淘汰行为,而不应该因为有了经济纠纷就是用司法裁判的手段进行解散。本着既要保护公司股东、特别是中小股东的合法利益不受到侵害,还要尽量选择符合公司自治原则,选择更加市场化的手段来解决公司经营管理上出现的问题来作为本文研究的目的,那么我国公司司法解散制度的替代性措施的研究非常必要。在本文问题研究与完善的思路上,笔者认为在分析了替代性救济措施的起源之后,首先要明确司法解散制度与其替代性措施制度之间的关系,分析它们在现实的裁判中所出现的不足。接下来考察国外主要国家的替代性措施,有些是以立法形式固定的,有些是判例法中发展出来的。那么鉴于我国替代性措施立法上的缺陷以及在司法裁判中法官运用自由裁量权标准的不统一,国外的制度对我国替代性救济措施的完善有很大的借鉴意义。最后借鉴国外各国公司司法解散替代性措施中成熟的制度和经验的同时,立足于我国现有立法中的法律法规以及其在司法实践中的裁判经验,在现有的立法框架之内可以利用异议股东股权回购以及公司章程规定提前预防等措施,同时辅以我国特色的“调解”制度来解决公司的僵局问题;而突破我国现有的立法制度的方面,立足于司法实践,可以借鉴国外各国比较有特色的“不公平损害”制度,“选择购买股票以代替解散”制度,达成“股东协议”的方式,“除名权”制度,以及在各国很普遍适用的强制股权收购、强制公司分立等一系列制度的具体措施和程序来构建我国特色的司法解散公司的替代性措施制度。本文通过运用历史分析、比较分析、经济分析以及实证分析等研究方法分四部分论述:第一章介绍替代性措施需要完善的缘起,主要通过对司法解散制度的立法现状和构成要件进行分析司法解散制度的不完善之处,经常会出现的一些弊端以及司法解散制度与替代性措施的联系。第二章介绍替代性措施在我国适用的理论基础,替代性措施作为舶来品,正是因为有理论基础的支撑和实际中的需要才使得我们去探索并完善它。本文中还会对我国现有的替代性措施进行梳理,并分析其不足之处。第三章是对国外的替代性救济措施的考察与借鉴,主要分别列举英美法系国家和大陆法系国家的替代性救济措施作为借鉴。第四章是本文研究的落脚点,提出我国司法解散公司的替代性措施的完善。首先是我国法院对司法解散类案件,如何进行妥善的裁决这方面的经验进行学习、总结;其次是针对目前法律中现有的替代性措施的不足,在学习了国内、国外的司法实践经验的基础上,比较各种替代性措施的优劣后,选择适合我国的替代性措施来与我国现有的制度共同完善。
[Abstract]:The legal dissolution of the company system stipulated by the company law of our country stipulates that the shareholders can request the disbanded company. The legislative intent of the system is to provide a judicial remedy for the protection of the rights and interests of the damaged shareholders of the company. However, it is considered that the disbanded company will have a series of negative effects and do not exclude the use of judicial dissolution system by individual shareholders. Personal improper purposes, and even the "judicial dissolution system" as a tool for the interest game between the shareholders of the company, the court often suggests or directly uses the most effective alternative relief measures to solve the problem. The alternative relief measures of the judicial disbanded company conform to the autonomy principle of our company law and try not to be used as much as possible. The dissolution of the company should be involved in the management of the company. The dissolution of the company should belong to the elimination of the market economy, but it should not be disbanded by the means of judicial refereeing because of the economic disputes. The principle of autonomy and the choice of more marketable means to solve the problems arising in the management of the company are used as the purpose of this study. Then it is necessary to study the alternative measures for the judicial disbandage system in our country. First, we should clarify the relationship between the judicial disbandage system and its alternative measure system, and analyze the shortcomings which they have appeared in the actual referee. Next, we examine the alternative measures of the main foreign countries, some are fixed in the form of legislation and some are developed in the case law. The system has a great reference significance to the perfection of the alternative relief measures in our country. At the same time, the system and experience in the alternative measures of the judicial disbandage of foreign countries have been used as a reference to the laws and regulations of the existing legislation in our country. Its judicial experience in the judicial practice, in the existing legislative framework, can make use of the share repurchase of dissenting shareholders and the advance prevention of the company's articles of association, as well as the "mediation" system with our own characteristics to solve the problem of the company's deadlock, and to break through the existing legislative system in our country and be based on judicial practice. Drawing on the "unfair damage" system of foreign countries, "choose the purchase of stock to replace the disbandage" system, to reach the "shareholder agreement", the "division of the right" system, as well as the specific measures and procedures of a series of systems that are widely applicable in various countries, and the separation of the compulsory company. Through the use of historical analysis, comparative analysis, economic analysis and empirical analysis, this article is divided into four parts: the first chapter introduces the reasons for the improvement of the alternative measures, mainly through the analysis of the judicial dissolution system and the constitution of the judicial dissolution system. The second chapter introduces the theoretical basis for the application of alternative measures in our country. As an import, it is because of the support of the theoretical basis and the need in practice that we should explore and improve it. We will sort out the existing alternative measures in our country and analyze its shortcomings. The third chapter is the investigation and reference to the alternative relief measures in foreign countries. The main points are the reference of the alternative relief measures in the countries of common law and the civil law countries. The fourth chapter is the foothold of this study, and puts forward our judicial dissolution company. The improvement of alternative measures, first of all, is to learn from the experience of the judicial disbanded cases and how to adjudicate this case, and secondly to compare the shortcomings of the existing alternative measures in the present law, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various alternative measures on the basis of learning the domestic and foreign judicial practice experience. After that, we should choose alternative measures suitable for China to improve our existing system.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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