我国公司法债权人保护模式的进路

发布时间：2018-07-20 19:58

【摘要】：债权人利益的保护一直是公司法理论研究的重点问题之一。有限责任制度创设之后,股东滥用有限责任,损害债权人利益的情况更加严重。大陆法系和英美法系从两种不同的路径出发,分别发展了基于法定资本制度的事前保护模式和精巧灵活的事后保护模式。这两种模式都有自己的优点及不足之处。我国2005年《公司法》在有效融合两种保护模式方面进行了有益的探索,然而面对日益激烈的国际竞争,我国的公司法应在债权人保护模式方面进一步完善。本文分引言、正文、结论三部分,其中正文共分五章。第一章明确了公司债权人的概念,探讨了学术界通常对债权人的分类,以及本文所采用的分类。在此基础上,从公司法本身的作用、有限责任的影响、股东与债权人信息不对称等角度重点研究了公司法之所以将债权人利益纳入保护范围的原因。第二章具体介绍大陆法系关于债权人保护的事前立法模式。长期以来过度倚赖资本信用的大陆法系在资本确定、资本维持、资本不变三原则指导下建立起了一套保护债权人利益的严密制度体系。这些制度从公司设立时出资形式、最低注册资本,公司成立后的股份回购、转投资、分配红利、增减资等方面构筑起了全方位的债权人保护机制。第三章介绍了以美国为典型代表的英美法系的债权人保护模式。英美法系基于个人本位的立法理念,在司法实践中创设“揭开公司法面纱制度”,有效应对了实践中存在的五花八门的股东侵害债权人利益的情况。与此同时,英美法系在公司分配方面采用偿付能力标准,改变过了过去对资本信用的迷信,建立起资产信用基础上公司分配的科学标准,更有效地保护了债权人利益。第四章首先介绍了大陆法系和英美法系两种债权人保护模式的不同之处。然后具体分析大陆法系和英美法系两种债权人保护模式的优点与不足。大陆法系债权人保护模式全面具体,具有较强的可操作性,缺点是制度成本高。英美法系债权人保护模式的优点是灵活多变,然而不足之处在于适用不便。第五章例举我国新公司法在融合两大法系债权人保护模式方面的有益探索,指出,新的国际竞争背景下,公司法在债权人保护模式方面的新进路。
[Abstract]:The protection of creditor's interests has always been one of the key issues in the theoretical study of company law. After the establishment of limited liability system, shareholders abuse limited liability and damage the interests of creditors. The continental law system and the common law system developed the ex ante protection model based on the legal capital system and the subtle and flexible ex post protection mode from two different paths. Both models have their own advantages and disadvantages. In 2005, the Company Law of our country has carried on the beneficial exploration in the effective fusion of the two protection modes. However, in the face of the increasingly fierce international competition, the company law of our country should be further perfected in the aspect of creditor protection mode. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter clarifies the concept of corporate creditors, discusses the usual classification of creditors in academia, and the classification adopted in this paper. On this basis, from the point of view of the function of company law itself, the influence of limited liability, and the information asymmetry between shareholders and creditors, this paper focuses on the reasons why the company law brings the interests of creditors into the scope of protection. The second chapter introduces the prior legislation model of creditor protection in civil law system. Under the guidance of the three principles of capital determination, capital maintenance and capital invariance, a strict system to protect the interests of creditors has been established in the continental law system, which has relied on capital credit for a long time. These systems have set up a comprehensive creditor protection mechanism from the forms of capital contribution, the lowest registered capital, the share repurchase, the transfer of investment, the distribution of dividends, the increase and decrease of capital, etc. The third chapter introduces the model of creditor protection in Anglo-American law system, which is represented by the United States. Anglo-American law system, based on the idea of individual standard legislation, created the system of "lifting the veil of company law" in judicial practice, which effectively dealt with the situation that various shareholders infringed the interests of creditors in practice. At the same time, the standard of solvency used in corporate distribution in Anglo-American law system has changed the superstition of capital credit in the past, established the scientific standard of corporate distribution on the basis of asset credit, and more effectively protected the interests of creditors. Chapter four first introduces the differences between the two kinds of creditor protection modes in civil law system and common law system. Then it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the two creditor protection modes in civil law system and common law system. The creditor protection mode of civil law system is comprehensive and specific, and has strong maneuverability, but the disadvantage is the high system cost. The advantage of the creditor protection mode in common law system is flexible, but the disadvantage lies in the inconvenient application. The fifth chapter gives an example of the beneficial exploration of the new company law of our country in the aspect of integrating the creditor protection model of the two legal systems, and points out that under the new international competition background, the new way of the company law in the creditor protection mode is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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