公司章程制度若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 05:45

【摘要】：公司章程是指依照公司法规定，由发起设立公司的投资者制定的，对公司名称、宗旨、经营范围、组织机构、活动方式、权利义务分配、解散等事项进行记载的公司必备法律文件，有实质意义与形式意义之分，实质意义上的公司章程，指规范公司的组织和活动，特别是公司、股东、董事、监事、经理等经营者相互之间权利义务关系的根本准则；形式意义上的公司章程则指记载此种规则的书面文件。公司章程具有法定性、公开性、真实性、自治性等特征。公司章程是设立公司必备条件之一；是公司和股东自治的基本法律文件；是公司对外信用的法律依据；是股东权的渊源和股东权益保护的渊源之一。关于公司章程的性质有多种学说：契约说、自治法说、折衷说、宪章说、自治规章说。笔者在批判和借鉴上述几种学说的基础上，提出了新折衷说的观点，即以公司章程调整的法律关系来对公司章程的属性进行分类。公司章程调整的法律关系中股东与股东之间，股东与公司之间的法律关系用契约说来调整；公司章程中关于公司治理机制、公司内部管理制度(公司章程细则)部分用自治法说来调整。笔者认为这一分类定性具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。公司章程的法律效力主要是指公司章程的时间效力和公司章程的对人效力。公司章程的时间效力又分为公司章程的生效时间和失效时间；公司章程的对人效力又分为对内效力和对外效力。市场经济、私法自治和公司自治是一脉相承不可分割的关系。自由的竞争始终是公司发展和前进的动力。在“公司自治”的视野下，探讨公司法与公司章程的关系，，笔者认为对于公司法的理念更新和发挥公司章程的作用有重大的理论意义和现实意义。最后，在立足于我国具体国情并广泛参考世界先进国家公司章程法律制度的前提下，笔者就完善我国的公司章程法律制度提出了自己的一些见解。本文综合运用了比较法学、经济学、社会学等多种研究方法，在充分占有国内外公司章程制度研究成果的基础上，对公司章程若干法律问题进行了尝试性的探讨。但无可避免的是，由于笔者掌握的资料有限，加之公司法学理论水平的限制，本文存在很多不足之处，一些重大问题的研究没有详细地展开，还望学界前辈和后来者批评和指正。希望笔者对公司章程制度研究的“一小步”能够引起对公司章程制度研究、立法、司法、实业界重视的“一大步”，推动公司“章程自治”，便是笔者最大的心愿。
[Abstract]:"articles of association" refers to the distribution of the company's name, purpose, scope of business, organization, mode of activities, rights and obligations of the company established by the investor who initiated the company in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law, The necessary legal documents for a company to record such matters as dissolution are of substantive and formal significance, and the articles of association in the substantive sense refer to the regulation of the organization and activities of the company, especially the company, shareholders, directors and supervisors, The fundamental principle of the relationship between the rights and obligations of managers and other managers; the formal articles of association refer to the written documents which record such rules. The articles of association are characterized by legality, openness, authenticity and autonomy. The articles of association are one of the necessary conditions for the establishment of the company; they are the basic legal documents for the autonomy of the company and shareholders; they are the legal basis for the foreign credit of the company; and it is one of the sources of the right of shareholders and the protection of the rights and interests of shareholders. There are many theories about the nature of articles of association: contract theory, autonomy law theory, compromise theory, charter theory, autonomy regulation theory. On the basis of criticizing and drawing lessons from the above theories, the author puts forward a new compromise theory, that is, classifying the attributes of the articles of association by the legal relationship of the regulation of the articles of association. In the legal relationship between shareholders and shareholders, the legal relationship between shareholders and the company is regulated by contract; the mechanism of corporate governance in the articles of association, The company's internal management system (articles of association) is partly regulated by the autonomy law. The author believes that this classification has important theoretical significance and practical value. The legal effect of the articles of association mainly refers to the time effect of the articles of association and the effectiveness of the articles of association against persons. The time effect of the articles of association is divided into the effective time of the articles of association and the time of invalidation; the effectiveness of the articles of association is divided into the internal effect and the external effect. Market economy, private law autonomy and corporate autonomy are closely related. Free competition has always been the driving force for the development and advancement of the company. From the perspective of "corporate autonomy", the author discusses the relationship between company law and articles of association. The author thinks that it is of great theoretical and practical significance to renew the concept of company law and give full play to the role of company charter. Finally, based on the specific conditions of our country and referring widely to the legal system of the articles of association of the advanced countries in the world, the author puts forward some opinions on how to perfect the legal system of the articles of association in our country. Based on the comprehensive use of comparative law, economics, sociology and other research methods, and on the basis of taking full advantage of the research results of the articles of association at home and abroad, this paper makes a tentative discussion on some legal issues of the articles of association. But inevitably, due to the limited information of the author and the limitation of the level of corporate law theory, there are many deficiencies in this paper, and the research on some important issues has not been carried out in detail. I also hope that the academic elders and latecomers criticize and correct. I hope that the author's "small step" in the study of the company's articles of association system can lead to a "big step" in the study of the company's articles of association system, legislation, judicature and industry, and to promote the "autonomy" of the company's articles of association, which is the author's greatest wish.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】