破产重整中公司股东的法律地位研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 13:21

【摘要】：公司股东地位与公司理论和实践的发展相伴而行。我国2006年修订的破产法吸纳了破产重整制度,但没有对股东地位形成根本性的冲击,这是因为在重整期间,股东仍享有公司最终控制权,表现在股东大会继续存在并可以对公司章程进行修改,选换董事、监事、高级管理人员以及对增资减资等重大事项作决定。从重整制度的基础和功能价值来看,股东掌控了巨大的营运价值决定其成为拯救困境公司的最为关键的力量。重整制度采用的管理人中心主义的架构模式并不排斥股东地位。重整期间股东依然享有股权转让的自由。重整制度与股东地位的获得与丧失与重整的关联不大。因此,破产重整制度并没有真正的撼动股东的公司所有地位。基于这一地位,股东在重整程序中拥有了诸多具体而丰富的权利,如重整申请权、重整计划制定和参与权、重整计划农决权以及重整监督权等等。这些权利在实际操作过程中,仍有亟待完善之处：如债务人申请重整时是否需股东大会决议；立法规定持股10%的股东可以申请重整并末区分表决权股与非表决权股；在股东参与重整计划制订与表决方面股东组并非必设组,以及模糊的表决规则显然与股东的公司所有地位不匹配,因此,股东在重整中的权利在法律技术层而需进一步研究、落实。当然,陷入重整意味着公司处于特殊时期,在债权优先性和重整价值目标指导下,股东地位受到了一定的限制,表现为股东权益的不确定,董事、监事和高级管理人员等特定股东的股权转让、股东的股利分配请求权受到限制。重整期间,股东分期缴纳出资权也受期限的限制,以及股东诉讼权将遇到“自动中止理论”。与权利相对应的是义务,股东在拥有一系列权利的同时亦要承担相应的义务,在重整中,股东必须履行出资与维持资本的义务,不能干预重整讨划的执行,遵守破产法、公司法、证券法等法律法规以及公司章程,由此构筑了股东在重整制度中的权利义务体系。
[Abstract]:The status of corporate shareholders goes hand in hand with the development of corporate theory and practice. The bankruptcy law revised in 2006 absorbs the bankruptcy reorganization system, but it does not have a fundamental impact on the status of shareholders. This is because during the period of reorganization, shareholders still enjoy the ultimate control of the company. This is manifested in the continued existence of the shareholders' general meeting and the possibility of amending the company's articles of association, selecting and replacing directors, supervisors, senior management personnel, and making decisions on major matters such as capital increase and capital reduction. From the perspective of the basis and function value of the reorganization system, the shareholders control the huge operating value to decide that it becomes the most critical force to rescue the troubled company. The structural mode of manager-centrism adopted by reorganization system does not exclude shareholder status. During the period of reorganization, shareholders still enjoy the freedom of equity transfer. Reorganization system and shareholder status gain and lose have little relation with reorganization. Therefore, the bankruptcy reorganization system does not really shake the shareholders of all the status of the company. Based on this status, the shareholders have many specific and rich rights in the reorganization process, such as the right to apply for reorganization, the right to make and participate in the reorganization plan, the right to restructure the plan and the right of supervision, and so on. These rights still need to be perfected in practice: whether the debtor needs a resolution of the shareholders' general meeting when applying for reorganization, the legislation stipulates that shareholders holding 10% shares can apply for reorganization and do not distinguish between voting shares and non-voting shares; The shareholders' participation in the formulation and voting of the reorganization plan is not necessarily divided into groups, and the vague voting rules clearly do not match all the status of the shareholders' company. Therefore, the rights of the shareholders in the reorganization need to be further studied at the legal and technical level. Implementation Of course, falling into reorganization means that the company is in a special period. Under the guidance of the priority of creditor's rights and the goal of the value of reorganization, the position of shareholders is restricted to a certain extent, which is manifested by the uncertainty of shareholders' rights and interests, the directors, The shareholders' right to claim dividend distribution is restricted by the transfer of shareholders' shares by supervisors and senior managers. During the period of reorganization, the shareholder's right to contribute by instalments is also limited by the time limit, and the shareholder's litigation right will meet with "the theory of automatic suspension". Corresponding to rights are obligations, shareholders have a series of rights at the same time have to bear the corresponding obligations, in restructuring, shareholders must perform the obligation to contribute and maintain capital, can not interfere with the reorganization of the execution, comply with the bankruptcy law, The company law, securities law and articles of association constitute the system of shareholders' rights and obligations in the reorganization system.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.92

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