有限公司股东身份认定研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 20:20

【摘要】：随着社会主义市场经济的快速发展,公司的设立与日俱增。然而在数量增加的同时,也导致了第三人与公司以及公司股东之间法律争议的增多。在解决这些法律争议之前,往往需要首先解决股东身份的认定问题。由于《公司法》对于股东身份认定规定的缺失,理论界对于股东身份认定也没有统一定论,公司在设立和存续过程中操作的不规范,直接导致了我国在股东身份认定问题上的处理难度。在司法实践中,对同一个案件根据不同的认定依据会产生不同的结果。所以,在解决股东身份认定问题上,首先要解决股东身份认定之间的冲突。换句话说,就是根据何种标准来认定股东身份。本文将结合理论和实践中遇到的问题来探求如何解决股东身份的认定。本文共分为四个部分:第一部分主要对股东和股东身份概念、股东身份的取得和丧失,以及认定股东身份的法律意义进行了简单的概括阐述。首先明确股东和股东身份的内涵。其次,论述了股东身份的取得和丧失情况,以及我们为什么要对股东身份的认定进行研究,研究的意义如何。第二部分主要介绍了股东身份的认定的两种不同学说,以及股东身份的认定依据。通过对出资人和公司之间出资合意的论述,得出股东身份的认定依据。其次,对股东身份的法律特征进行具体分析,以寻求股东身份的法律特征在认定股东身份时证明效力层次以及缺陷,为下文合理化解决股东身份特征之间的冲突作出铺垫。第三部分主要介绍股东身份认定冲突的解决路径。首先,通过对原则的分析,寻求在各原则的指导下合理解决股东身份的认定冲突。其次,就具体公司内外两种法律关系中对于股东身份冲突应该如何解决。在涉及公司外部关系时,应该以最具有公示力的工商登记优先认定股东身份,而在涉及公司内部法律关系时,优先以股东名册认定股东身份。在股东名册与其他股东身份特征发生冲突时,应该探求当事人是否已经依法向公司出资或者认缴出资来解决冲突。第四部分主要针对隐名出资、瑕疵出资以及股权转让情形下几种特殊情况的股东身份认定问题进行了分析。通过具体的分析,探求这几种特殊情况下股东身份问题的解决。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of socialist market economy, the establishment of the company is increasing day by day. However, the increase in the number has also led to an increase in legal disputes between the third party and the company and its shareholders. Before resolving these legal disputes, it is often necessary to solve the problem of shareholder identity identification. Due to the lack of the provisions of the Company Law on the identification of shareholders, there is no unified conclusion on the identification of shareholders in the theoretical circle. The irregular operation of the company in the process of establishment and survival directly leads to the difficulty of dealing with the identification of shareholders in our country. In judicial practice, the same case according to different identification basis will produce different results. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of shareholder identity identification, we should first solve the conflict between shareholder identity identification. In other words, what criteria are used to identify shareholders. This paper will combine the problems encountered in theory and practice to explore how to solve the identification of shareholder identity. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly expounds the concept of shareholder and shareholder identity, the acquisition and loss of shareholder identity, and the legal significance of identifying shareholder identity. First of all, clear the connotation of shareholders and shareholder identity. Secondly, it discusses the acquisition and loss of shareholder identity, and why we should study the identification of shareholder identity, and what is the significance of the study. The second part mainly introduces two different theories of shareholder identity identification, as well as the basis of shareholder identity identification. Through the discussion of the capital contribution between the investor and the company, the identification basis of shareholder identity is obtained. Secondly, this paper makes a specific analysis of the legal characteristics of shareholder identity, in order to seek the legal characteristics of shareholder identity in the identification of shareholder identity to prove the level of effectiveness and defects, so as to pave the way for the rationalization of the conflict between shareholder identity characteristics. The third part mainly introduces the way to solve the conflict of shareholder identity identification. First of all, through the analysis of the principles, to find a reasonable solution to the identity of shareholders under the guidance of the conflict. Secondly, how to solve the identity conflict of shareholders in the two kinds of legal relations inside and outside the specific company. When it comes to the external relationship of the company, we should give priority to the identity of shareholders in the industrial and commercial registration with the most public power, and when it comes to the internal legal relationship of the company, we should give priority to the identification of shareholders in the register of shareholders. When the shareholder register conflicts with the identity characteristics of other shareholders, we should explore whether the parties have contributed or subscribed to the company in accordance with the law to resolve the conflict. The fourth part mainly analyzes the identification of shareholders in the case of anonymous capital contribution, defective capital contribution and stock transfer. Through concrete analysis, this paper explores the solution of shareholder identity problem in these special cases.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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