电磁辐射民事侵权中的损害研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 22:14

本文关键词： 电磁辐射侵权赔偿责任　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国《环境保护法》第六十六条将电磁波辐射作为一种污染的类型而加以规制。而近年来,伴随着国家(超)高压电网、高速铁路、磁悬浮列车项目的兴建,民众对这些项目中可能产生的电磁波辐射污染尤为敏感。由于国内对电磁波辐射污染的研究,尤其是环境法学研究仍刚起步。受制于电磁学、医学专业知识的限制以及相关资料的匮乏,关于电磁波辐射民事侵权损害的概念、前提、因果关系尚未得到广泛认同,其边界尚未明晰。而在实务领域,法官及律师一直希望政府、权威研究机构给出电磁波辐射是否致害、如何致害、如何预防的答案。原国家环保局在《关于确定环境污染损害赔偿责任问题的复函》就环境污染损害责任的法定条件做出解释,认为现有法律法规并没有将有无过错以及污染物的排放是否超过标准,作为确定排污单位是否承担责任的条件。此项原则随即被实务界广泛接受。但亦有相关学者、法律工作者提出质疑,如果国家标准并非安全标准而是排放标准,那么该标准除了决定排污收费外,对评价环境污染侵权是否成立还有什么作用? 国际上,对电磁波辐射污染(国际上更多地使用“电磁场曝露”一词)的研究已经持续了几十年。根据世界卫生组织WHO的最新研究成果,人类通常能接触到的低强度的极低频电磁场与不利健康影响之间的关联尚无法证实。国内学界的相关人士即根据此项结论推论出极低频电磁场导致不利健康影响的可能尚未排除。该项推论使得关于电磁波辐射侵权损害的因果关系问题、举证责任分配问题、防范责任标准问题更加复杂。笔者认为,上述问题的产生固然有其专业性的原因,使相关法学研究人员、法律工作者无从着手。同时,也有着信息不对称以及相关外文文献翻译的歧义的关系。笔者希望通过本文,达到以下三个目的：一、帮助了解国际上权威的关于电磁波辐射是否致害的最新研究成果。二、帮助了解澄清关于曝露限值、预防措施的概念边界。三、帮助了解外国关于电磁波辐射侵权案件损害及因果关系认定的案例。为达.上述目的,本文分为五章。第一章阐述问题之产生。第二章阐述电磁场曝露致害的依据。第三章阐述曝露限值的设定。第四章阐述电磁场曝露的损害形式和因果关系。第五章给出总结并对建立和完善电磁场曝露侵权法律体系提出建议。上述五章中,第二章是阅读本文的理论基础,第三章、第四章是本文的重点。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of national (ultra high voltage) power grid, high speed railway and maglev train project has been accompanied by the regulation of electromagnetic wave radiation as a type of pollution in the 66th item of Environmental Protection Law of our country. The public is particularly sensitive to possible electromagnetic radiation pollution from these programs. Due to the study of electromagnetic wave radiation pollution, especially the study of environmental law is still in its infancy, restricted by electromagnetism, medical professional knowledge and the lack of relevant information. As to the concept of civil tort damage caused by electromagnetic wave radiation, the causality has not been widely accepted, and its boundary is not clear. In the practical field, judges and lawyers have been hoping that the government, authoritative research institutions to give whether electromagnetic wave radiation is harmful and how to harm. The answer to how to prevent. The former State Environmental Protection Bureau in the "on the determination of environmental pollution damage liability for the issue of reply letter" on environmental pollution damage liability statutory conditions to explain. It is considered that the existing laws and regulations will not be faulted or whether the discharge of pollutants exceeds the standard. As a condition to determine whether the sewage unit is responsible, this principle has been widely accepted by the practical circles. However, some scholars and legal workers have questioned that if the national standard is not a safe standard but an emission standard. In addition to determining sewage charges, what role does the standard have in evaluating environmental pollution infringement? Internationally, the research on electromagnetic wave radiation pollution (the term "electromagnetic field exposure") has been carried out for several decades. According to the latest research results of WHO of the World Health Organization. The link between low-intensity very low-frequency electromagnetic fields and adverse health effects, to which humans are usually exposed, has not yet been confirmed. Based on this conclusion, researchers in china have inferred that very low-frequency electromagnetic fields lead to adverse health effects. This corollary raises the question of causality in relation to the damage caused by electromagnetic wave radiation infringement. The distribution of the burden of proof and the standard of prevention liability are more complicated. The author believes that the above problems of course have their professional reasons, so that the relevant legal researchers, legal workers can not start. At the same time. There is also a relationship between asymmetric information and ambiguity in the translation of relevant foreign literature. The author hopes that the following three purposes can be achieved through this paper: First, to help understand the international authority on whether electromagnetic wave radiation is the latest research results. Second, help clarify the conceptual boundaries of exposure limits and preventive measures. Third, help understand the foreign cases of electromagnetic wave radiation infringement cases of damage and causality. For the above purpose. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the generation of problems. The second chapter states the basis of electromagnetic field exposure damage. Chapter 3 describes the setting of exposure limit value. Chapter 4th describes the damage form and causality of electromagnetic field exposure. 5th. Chapter gives a summary and to establish and improve the electromagnetic field exposure tort legal system put forward suggestions. The above five chapters. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of reading this article, the third chapter, 4th is the focus of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;D923

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