海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 09:54

本文关键词： 环境公益诉讼海洋环境污染公民诉讼司法实践法律制度构建　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境公益诉讼是指国家机关、法人、公众团体或公民以维护环境公益为目的,针对触犯环境公共利益的行为提起的诉讼。我国日益凸显的环境污染问题,引发了对构建环境公益诉讼制度的研究热潮,虽然这一制度尚未形成,但我国对这一制度的理论研究已经比较成熟,为构建这一制度提供了充足的理论基础。我国传统法律制度往往重视“对人的损害”,很少关注“对环境的损害”,因此,我国未形成环境损害赔偿的有关制度或量化标准。同时,传统诉讼法中的“直接利害关系”理论,将大多数社会公众拒之于环境公益诉讼门外,致使我国环境公益诉讼制度的构建面临巨大阻碍。由于海洋的重要性及特殊性,其污染具有明显的公益特征,因此,顺应国际环境保护趋势,将环境公益诉讼制度引入海洋环境保护领域,建立海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度尤为必要。海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度,是国家机关、法人、公众团体或公民为维护我国海洋环境公共利益,针对损害海洋环境公共利益的行为提起诉讼的法律制度。我国现有环境公益诉讼理论、国外环境公益诉讼制度及实践,对我国构建我国海洋环境污染公益诉讼的有关制度具有重要的借鉴意义。文章第一部分从现有环境公益诉讼的定义中,析出判断环境公益诉讼的关键,并概括了环境公益诉讼的法律地位和主要制度。第二部分简要概述了海洋环境污染的特征、危害,总结了我国海洋环境污染保护中存在的立法、行政问题,从而论证了构建海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度的必要性。第三部分则以美国环境公益诉讼制度为借鉴,重点阐述了公民诉讼中有关制度,同时对“墨西哥湾”漏油事故进行评析,认为美国在海洋环境保护中采用了双重保护模式。第四部分概括了我国有关海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度建立的法律依据及障碍,并结合“塔斯曼海轮”案件进一步阐明构建海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度存在的现实问题。最后,本文在第五、第六部分以美国公民诉讼制度及其司法实践为借鉴,结合我国的司法实践,主要对被告范围、原告资格标准及次序问题、滥诉限制问题以及污染损害赔偿的范围、量化方法等方面提出建议,以期更好的指导我国海洋环境污染公益诉讼制度的构建及司法实践。
[Abstract]:Environmental public interest litigation is a lawsuit brought by state organs, legal persons, public organizations or citizens for the purpose of safeguarding environmental public interest. The environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more prominent in our country. Although this system has not yet been formed, the theoretical study of this system in China has been relatively mature, which provides a sufficient theoretical basis for the construction of this system. China's traditional legal system often attaches importance to "damage to human beings", and rarely pays attention to "damage to the environment". Therefore, there is no relevant system or quantitative standard for compensation for environmental damage in China. At the same time. The theory of "direct interest" in the traditional procedural law keeps the majority of the public out of the door of environmental public interest litigation. Because of the importance and particularity of the ocean, its pollution has obvious commonweal characteristics, so it conforms to the trend of international environmental protection. It is necessary to introduce the environmental public interest litigation system into the field of marine environmental protection and establish the public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution. Public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution is a state organ, legal person, public organization or citizen in order to safeguard the public interests of marine environment in our country. The legal system of litigation against the act of harming the public interests of the marine environment, the theory of environmental public interest litigation in our country, and the system and practice of foreign environmental public interest litigation. The first part of the article analyzes the key to judge the environmental public interest litigation from the definition of the existing environmental public interest litigation. And summarized the legal status and main system of environmental public interest litigation. The second part briefly summarized the characteristics and harm of marine environmental pollution, summed up the existing legislative and administrative problems in the protection of marine environmental pollution in China. Thus the necessity of constructing public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution is demonstrated. The third part is based on the United States environmental public interest litigation system, focusing on the civil litigation system. At the same time, the "Gulf of Mexico" oil spill assessment. Part 4th summarizes the legal basis and obstacles of the establishment of public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution in China. In combination with the Tasman Sea ship case, the paper further clarifies the practical problems in constructing the public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution. Finally, this article in the 5th, 6th part of the U. S. civil litigation system and its judicial practice as a reference, combined with our judicial practice, mainly on the scope of defendants, plaintiff qualification criteria and order issues. In order to better guide the construction and judicial practice of the public interest litigation system of marine environment pollution in China, some suggestions are put forward in the aspects of the limitation of excessive action and the scope of compensation for pollution damage and the method of quantification.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925;D922.68

【引证文献】