SPS协定中的风险预防原则研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 08:44

本文关键词： SPS协定风险预防原则 WTO法　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风险预防原则起源于德国环境法,在国际环境法中发展成熟,现已成为国际环境法的重要原则之一。在国际贸易持续发展的今天,风险预防原则逐渐呈现出向WTO法渗透的趋势。《实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协定》(SPS协定)是乌拉圭回合谈判的产物,用于约束WTO成员国在国际贸易中的动植物卫生检疫措施,避免产生相关的贸易壁垒。在SPS协定中,风险预防原则主要体现在第5.7条,该条规定在科学证据不充分时成员国有权采取临时的卫生检疫措施保护本国境内的环境和人类、动植物的生命健康。随着人们对环境保护和自身健康的关注度日益提高,研究SPS协定中的风险预防原则具有重大的现实意义。然而,无论对于风险预防原则的国际法律地位这种宏观问题,还是SPS协定下风险预防原则的适用要件这种微观问题,虽然相关案例提供了部分线索,有关该原则的讨论却从未止息。在纷繁复杂的争议之中正确认识风险预防原则,探寻我国对待风险预防原则所应秉持的态度和做法,是本文重要的写作目的。本文共分为四个章节：第一章阐述了风险预防原则的历史沿革及其向WTO法的渗透趋势,总结出风险预防原则的关键要素。在此基础上,分析了SPS协定中风险预防原则的制度设计。第二章介绍了WTO有关风险预防原则的案例,发掘当前争端中风险预防原则与国际贸易的密切联系,分析该原则的适用情况和争议所在。第三章详细分析了目前有关SPS协定中风险预防原则的几大争议,在厘清各方立场的同时,以案例判决为依据,提出本文对以上争议的态度。第四章揭示了SPS协定中风险预防原则对我国的启示,并结合发展中国家的角色定位提出了我国面对风险预防原则的应有立场。
[Abstract]:The precautionary principle of risk originated from the German environmental law, developed in the international environmental law, and has become one of the important principles of international environmental law. The principle of risk prevention gradually showed the trend of infiltrating into the WTO method. The Agreement on the implementation of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS Agreement) was the product of the Uruguay Round of negotiations. It is used to restrict the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of WTO member countries in international trade to avoid the occurrence of related trade barriers. In the SPS Agreement, the principle of risk prevention is mainly embodied in Article 5.7. This article provides for the right of member States to take interim sanitary and quarantine measures to protect the environment and human beings in their territories in the event of insufficient scientific evidence. Life and health of animals and plants. With the increasing attention to environmental protection and their own health, it is of great practical significance to study the principle of risk prevention in the SPS agreement. Regardless of the macro problem of the international legal status of the risk prevention principle, or the micro problem of the application elements of the risk prevention principle under the SPS agreement, although the relevant cases provide some clues. The discussion on this principle has never stopped. In the complicated disputes, we should correctly understand the principle of risk prevention and explore the attitude and practice that our country should uphold in dealing with the principle of risk prevention. This paper is an important writing purpose. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter describes the historical evolution of the principle of risk prevention and its infiltration into the WTO method. The key elements of risk prevention principle are summarized. On this basis, the system design of risk prevention principle in SPS agreement is analyzed. The second chapter introduces the case of risk prevention principle in WTO. Explore the close relationship between the principle of risk prevention and international trade in the current dispute, analyze the application of the principle and where the dispute. Chapter three analyzes the current SPS agreement on the principle of risk prevention several major disputes. At the same time to clarify the positions of the parties, based on the case judgment, this paper puts forward the attitude to the above controversy. Chapter 4th reveals the revelation of the risk prevention principle in the SPS agreement to our country. Combined with the role orientation of developing countries, this paper puts forward our country's due stand on the principle of risk prevention.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.68

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