我国环境法中按日计罚制度构建

发布时间：2018-02-02 15:41

本文关键词： 按日计罚制度继续性与连续性环境行政违法行为环境行政罚款适用范围　出处：《苏州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年我国的经济保持高速增长，环境污染主体的经济实力也在这一过程中得到快速提升，但是其排污量以及应对环境经济处罚的能力也随之提高。环境法律法规在此所表现出的问题更加凸显，尤其是环境行政处罚。环境违法者受经济利益的驱使，排污行为是不间断的或者是反复进行的，即排污行为的持续性特点明显，环境行政处罚对此却缺乏针对性的对策。“按日计罚”是解决此问题的重要思路，其针对实践中环境违法行为普遍存在的“继续性或连续性”特征，以日为单位进行处罚，彻底实现对排污者的动态监管。文章在学者们对按日计罚制度的正当性与可行性研究的基础上，首先对按日计罚制度的基本问题进行了系统的阐述，明确解释了何为环境行政违法行为的继续性与连续性特征，认为按日计罚制度应定位于环境行政罚款的计罚方式之一，，在此基础上，阐明“按日计罚”制度与“一事不再罚原则”并不冲突。我国目前环境行政罚款存在诸多问题，比如，罚款的设置方式不合理，罚款数额设置的静态特征明显，与社会发展不相适应等。按日计罚制度是以环境行政罚款存在的问题为出发点的，同时完善环境行政罚款制度也应在按日计罚制度的框架内进行。我国的重庆市与深圳市的地方环保条例，已经对“按日计罚”进行了积极的探索，虽然与本文希冀构建的按日计罚制度存在差别，但是借此素材，文章对按日计罚制度的适用范围与计算起止日，罚款的设置方式与每日处罚额度的设置，按日计罚制度与现有环境法律法规的衔接等问题提出了一些解决的思路。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the economy of our country has maintained rapid growth, and the economic strength of the main body of environmental pollution has also been promoted rapidly in this process. However, the amount of pollution and the ability to deal with environmental and economic penalties are also improved. Environmental laws and regulations in this more prominent problems, especially environmental administrative penalties. Environmental violators are driven by economic interests. The pollution behavior is uninterrupted or repeated, that is, the persistent characteristic of the discharge behavior is obvious, but the environmental administrative punishment is lack of targeted countermeasures. "Daily punishment" is an important way to solve this problem. In view of the "continuance or continuity" characteristic of environmental illegal behavior in practice, it carries on the punishment with the day as the unit, realizes thoroughly the dynamic supervision to the polluter. On the basis of the scholars' research on the legitimacy and feasibility of the daily penalty system, this paper first systematically expounds the basic problems of the daily planning and punishment system. This paper explains clearly what is the continuous and continuous characteristics of environmental administrative illegal acts, and points out that the daily calculating and punishing system should be one of the ways of calculating and punishing environmental administrative fines, and on this basis. There are many problems in environmental administrative penalty in our country. For example, the way of setting fines is unreasonable, and the static characteristics of the setting of fines amount are obvious. The daily penalty system is based on the problem of environmental administrative penalty. At the same time, the improvement of environmental administrative penalty system should also be carried out within the framework of the daily penalty system. The local environmental regulations of Chongqing and Shenzhen have made an active exploration of "daily penalty". Although there is a difference between the daily penalty system and the expected daily penalty system, the paper takes this material as the basis for the application of the daily penalty system and the calculation of the starting and ending day, the setting method of the fine and the setting of the daily penalty quota. This paper puts forward some solutions to the problems such as the connection between the system of daily calculation and punishment and the existing environmental laws and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68

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