环境侵权因果关系举证责任分配研究——兼论《侵权责任法》第66条的理解与适用

发布时间：2018-02-04 23:50

本文关键词： 因果关系举证责任分配举证责任倒置因果关系推定　出处：《河北法学》2011年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：基于保护污染受害者的政策选择,各国立法对环境侵权因果关系举证责任的分配采取了一些特殊的方法,主要包括举证责任倒置与因果关系推定。举证责任倒置将因果关系的举证责任强制性地分配给排污者承担,污染受害者对因果关系不再承担举证责任。因果关系推定对举证责任的影响要根据证明对象是基础事实还是推定事实,以及因果关系推定是否由法律明确规定等因素,进行综合认定。因果关系推定与举证责任倒置属于不同类型的法律规范,两者在法律效力上存在差异。我国《侵权责任法》第66条的规定是举证责任倒置而非因果关系推定,这种规定更大程度地降低了污染受害者的证明负担,更有利于污染受害者保护政策目标的实现。
[Abstract]:Based on the choice of policies to protect the victims of pollution, national legislation has adopted some special methods to distribute the burden of proof of environmental tort causality. It mainly includes the inversion of the burden of proof and the presumption of causality. The inversion of the burden of proof distributes the burden of proof of causation to the polluter. Pollution victims no longer bear the burden of proof for causality. The effect of causality presumption on the burden of proof should be based on whether the object of proof is the basic fact or the presumption of fact. As well as whether the presumption of causality is clearly stipulated by the law and other factors such as comprehensive determination. The presumption of causality and the inversion of the burden of proof belong to different types of legal norms. There is a difference in the legal effect between the two. Article 66 of the Tort liability Law of our country provides that the burden of proof is reversed rather than the presumption of causality, which reduces the burden of proof of the pollution victim to a greater extent. More conducive to the protection of pollution victims of the policy objectives.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院环境资源能源法研究中心;
【分类号】：D923;D925.1;D922.68
【正文快照】： 引言2009年我国颁布了《侵权责任法》,该法第66条规定:因污染环境发生纠纷,污染者应当就其污染行为与损害事实之间不存在因果关系承担举证责任。实际上,这条规定并非首创,1991年发布的《关于适用民事诉讼法若干问题的意见》、2001年发布的《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》,200

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